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含氮、氧配体配位聚合物的合成、表征及应用

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Coordination Polymers with Ligands Containing Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms

【作者】 周秋香

【导师】 王延吉;

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 , 材料物理与化学, 2004, 博士

【摘要】 由于配位聚合物所具有的结构多样性和独特的物理化学性能,以及在催化、吸附、分离、分子识别等方面潜在的应用,使得对配位聚合物的超分子组装、结构及性质的研究成为当前“晶体工程”研究的主要内容。如何控制晶体内分子的排列以获得理想的功能材料,最有效的途径之一是以金属离子和有机配体为构筑单元来组装新颖的配位聚合物。本论文的主要目的在于研究水热合成方法组装配位聚合物的规律、配位聚合物的结构和相关性能。利用含氮、氧配体在水热合成条件下与金属离子反应,合成了18种新颖结构的配位聚合物单晶体,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、X-射线单晶衍射、差热—热重分析对其进行了结构表征和相关性质研究,同时,就Co(Ⅱ)配位聚合物在苯酚氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯中的应用进行了探讨。 研究了含3-(3-吡啶基)丙烯酸配体配位聚合物的构筑。在水热合成条件下,利用3-(3-吡啶基)丙烯酸与过渡金属离子或稀土离子反应,合成了6种新颖结构的配位聚合物:[Co(pda)2(H2O)2]n(1)、[Ni(pda)2(H2O)2]n(2)、[La(C8H6NO23]n(3)、[Nd(C8H6NO23(H2O)]n(4)、[Cd(C8H6NO22]n(5)、{[Co3(tma)(pda)2(H2O)3]·H2O}n(6)。结果表明:(a)配位聚合物(1)和(2)具有异质同晶结构,配位聚合物(6)具有的结构更为新颖,在同一个结构单元中Co(Ⅱ)具有两种配位模式,而且表现出反铁磁性能。(b)对于3-(3-吡啶基)丙烯酸这样的酸性弱、难溶性的配体,水热合成的条件要求的比较高,特别是反应体系的pH值,反应温度、晶化时间以及降温速率都对晶体结构产生影响。 研究了以3-(3-吡啶基)丙烯酸和SCN-为混配体的配位聚合物的构筑。在水热合成条件下,合成了2种新颖结构的配位聚合物:[Co(pda)(SCN)(H2O)]n(7)和[Cd2(SCN)2(pda)2(H2O)3]n·nH2O(8)。结果表明:(a)对于3-(3-吡啶基)丙烯酸和SCN-混合配体,水热合成的条件较为复杂,体系pH值、反应物的加料顺序直接影响混配体配位聚合物的结构,理想的混配体配位聚合物晶体,是诸多反应因素共同协调作用的结果。(b)水热合成条件下,对于软硬酸不同的Co2+、Cd2+金属离子,SCN-配位模式不同,不同的反应温度下SCN-配位的模式不同,对于处于软硬酸之间的金属离子,SCN-含氮、氧配体配位聚合物的合成、表征及应用是以双齿配体参与成键的。配位聚合物(8)即为少见的S和N原子同时配位的结构,而且具有较好的荧光特性。 研究了含氧的二梭酸配体(2,6一蔡二梭酸、1,4一对苯二乙酸、反丁烯二酸、己二酸)与含氮的配体(4,4’一联毗陡、1,10一邻菲咯琳、咪哇)混配体配位聚合物的构筑。在水热合成条件下合成了7种新颖结构的配位聚合物:[Co3(2,6一nda)3(4,4’一bpy)1.5]n(9)、[Co(C,2H604)(1,10一Phen)]n(10)、[NdZ(C6Hs04)3(HZO)2]n·n(4,4’一bPy)(11)、[EuZ(C6HsO4)3(HZO)2]n·n(4,4’一bpy)(12)、〔Co(Cl。HsO4)(4,4’一bpy)ln.lll硬20(13)、[NiZ(Cl。HsO4):(phe的2(HZO)2]n(14)、〔Cd(CZHZO4)(hn)3]n·Zn HZO(15)。结果表明:(a)2,6一蔡二梭酸、一,4一对苯二乙酸、己二酸、反丁烯二酸配体在溶解与不溶解状态下作为反应前体对最终结构会产生一定的影响,先脱去质子氢,再与第二个配体及金属离子混合,有利于配位聚合物晶体的形成。(b)水热合成条件下,4,4’一联毗淀、1,10一邻菲咯琳、咪哇的浓度过高,易生成配位饱和的络合离子而难于形成梭酸桥联的配位聚合物。在弱酸性条件下,质子化4,4’一联毗咤阳离子在聚合物形成过程中由于兼有疏水/亲水作用,表现出结构导向模板功能。(c)对于含氧的二梭酸配体与含氮的配体的混合配体,反应体系pH值需保持在中性和弱碱性,反应的温度不低于160℃,而且,晶化的时间不低于%h。(d)水热合成条件下,易于形成紧密结构,使得网络互穿,而稀土离子形成的配位聚合物具有较高的热稳定性。 研究了4一氰基毗咤和4,4’一联毗淀为混配体的配位聚合物的构筑。在水热合成条件下合成了3种新颖结构的配位聚合物:[Co(C6场NOZ)2(HZO)4]n(16)、[Ni(C6场NOZ)2(HZo)41n(17)、【La(CSH4NCoo)3(玩o)2]n(18)。结果表明:对于4一氰基毗淀配体,在水热合成条件下,水解后的毗睫梭酸与金属离子形成配位聚合物的反应是逐步进行的,在非水热合成条件下不能得到同样的配位聚合物晶体。水解后形成的毗咤梭酸与金属离子是以N一M配位键形成无限的一维链,而通过各种氢键,将一维的无限链连接成三维的网络结构。 考察了Co(ll)配位聚合物为助催化剂的苯酚氧化拨基化合成碳酸二苯醋反应性能。为进一步研究配位聚合物在苯酚氧化拨基化合成碳酸二苯醋中的作用提供了基础。

【Abstract】 The research on supramolecular self-assemblies, structures and properties of coordination polymers has become an important current topic in crystal engineering because of their structural diversities, unique physicochemical properties, and potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, separation, molecule identification, etc. The most effective route to control the array of molecule in a crystalline so as to get a perfect functional material is to build multiple-dimensional coordination polymer using a metal cation and an organic ligand as a building unit. The aim of this paper is to study the rule of the self-assembly of coordination polymers synthesized hydrothermally, and the structure and the related performances of the coordination polymers. Eighteen coordination polymers with novel structures have been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis using the ligands containing N and O atoms, and their structures and the related performances have been investigated. They were characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR, X-ray single crystal diffraction and TG-DTA, and their related properties were studied. The application of Co( II) coordination polymer has been attempted in the reaction of synthesis of diphenyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of phenol.The coordination polymers with ligand of 3-(3-pyridyl) acrylate acid were prepared. Under the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis, six coordination polymers with novel structures, [Co(pda)2(H2O)2]n(l), [Ni(pda)2(H2O)2]n(2), [La(C8H6NO2)3]n(3), [Nd(C8 H6NO2)3(H2O)]n(4), [Cd (C8H6NO2)2]n(5), and {[Co3(tma)(pda)2(H2O)3]-H2O}n(6), were synthesized by the reaction of 3-(3-pyridyl) acrylate acid and transition metal cations or rare-earth cations. The results are as follows, (a) The coordination polymers (1) and (2)possess the structure of heterogeneity same crystal, while the structure of coordination polymer (6) is much novel: there are two modes of coordination of Co( II) in the same constitutional unit, In addition, coordination polymer (6) shows anti-ferromagnetic performance, (b) Because of weak acidity and difficult dissolution ability of 3-(3-pyridyl) acrylate acid, the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis are severe. Especially, pH value of the reaction system, reaction temperature, crystallization time and temperature-descent rate affect the crystal structure.The coordination polymers with mixed ligands of 3-(3-pyridyl) acrylate acid and SCN" were prepared. Two coordination polymers with novel structure, [Co(pda) (SCN)(H2O)]n (7) and [Cd2(SCN)2(pda)2(H2O)3]n-nH2O(8), were synthesized. The results are as follows, (a) As for the mixed ligands of 3-(3-pyridyl) acrylate acid and SCN", the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis are more complicated. The structure of the coordination polymers with mixed ligands is influenced directly by pH value and the feeding order of the reactants. A perfect crystal of a coordination polymer with mixed ligands is controlled by the concerted actions of many reaction factors, (b) Under the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis, as for Co2+ and Cd2+ cations with different hard or soft acidity, the coordination modes of SCN" are different. In addition, the coordination modes are also different at different temperatures. SCN" links the metal cations whose acidities are between soft acid and hard acid in the form of bi-dentate ligands. The coordination polymer (8) with a rare structure coordinated by both N atom and S atom possess a better fluorescence performance.The coordination polymers with the mixture of dicarboxylic acid ligands (2,6-naphthalic acid, 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid, 1,4-fumaric acid, and adipate) and the ligands containing N atoms (4,4’-bpy, 1,10-phen and imidazole) were prepared. Seven coordination polymers with novel structures, [Co3(2,6-nda)3(4,4’-bpy)1.5]n(9), [Co(C12 H6O4)(1,10-phen)]n(10), [Nd2(C6H8O4)3(H2O)2]n-n(4,4’-bpy)(11), [Eu2(C6H8O4)3H2 O]2)n-n(4,4’-bpy)(12), [Co(C1oH804)(4,4’-bpy)]n nH2O(13), [Ni2(C10H8O4)2(l,10-phen)2 (H2O)2]n(14), and [Cd(C2H2O4)(Im)3]n-2nH2O(15), were synthesized under hy

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