【作者】 马军；

【导师】 高勇；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 电力电子与电力传动， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 随着配电网的不断扩大，配电网的自动化改造和建设已经成为一种必然。本论文在充分查阅总结该领域国内外现状的基础上，从固原地区的配电网现状出发，在进行配网自动化系统选型，规划，建设的同时，对该领域的新技术的需求、应用进行了探讨，并获得了相应的结论。论文的主要内容及取得的成果有： (1) 从宁夏固原的配网建设经验来看，目前配网自动化建设的需求还停留在简单的自动化层面，主要是实现调度自动化的基本控制和配电管理自动化。因此现有的配网自动化的控制目标及其要求都很基本，仅能实现最基本的自动化功能，大量高级应用还无法真正运用，需要在很大程度上依赖运行人员的经验，现有技术层面处于过渡期，在这一特定阶段中将有大量新生技术不断涌现，在经历实践考验后，会有一些真正解决现场需求的好技术、好思想得到广泛应用。在现有技术层面和需求层面的基础上，作者认为采用功能进一步下放的集散控制模式将进一步增进配网的紧急控制和特殊控制能力，对于今后的配网自动化建设是有益的。 (2) 分析了配网控制的组成和运行习惯的要求，认为采用以单条馈线为控制对象的分层分布控制模式是馈线自动化的最优模式。在这种模式下，馈线的故障识别、故障隔离完全由配电终端来实现，配电子站、配电主站仅作为后备在功能上保留集中式馈线自动化控制方式。这种控制模式西安理工大学博士学位论文的实现在很大程度上需改变现有的配电终端的功能。 (3)配电自动化系统的配电终端是最基本的信息采集、计算、传输、控制、保护环节，是整个配电网集散控制系统的底层可操作对象，一切对配网的控制都依赖配电终端实现。本文对配电终端的概念范围进行了扩展，提出配电网通用控制节点(All一in一one Control Node)的新概念，认为位于复杂配电网拓扑图上的众多配电终端是配电网控制的最终实现环节，任何控制、测量、计算功能都可以通用控制节点(ACN)实现。在此基础上，设计了通用控制节点的硬件和软件系统，硬件上，采用基于双ePu(eentra一Proeessing unit)结构的嵌入式nsP系统的解决方案，软件上，采用实时多任务操作系统的设计思想，设计了DT-OS软件系统，并对如何保证控制节点的可靠性进行了探讨。 (4)在配电网通用控制节点的基础上努力解决馈线自动化的故障处理，包括大电流故障和小电流接地，提出利用二维节点控制实现快速馈线保护的思想和原理，还进一步讨论了确保控制可靠性的后备保护。对于单相接地故障，本文探讨了在配网自动化平台上实现的纵向识别原理。 (5)配网自动化为运行人员提供了基本的控制平台，但配网自动化的工作是应当可以不断扩充的，运行人员可以在结合通用控制平台和通用控制节点的性能的基础上，将自己的运行专家经验融合在配网自动化系统的高级应用功能中，这就是特殊的高级应用，本文以固原配网的融冰为例，进行了特殊应用分析和实现。 关键词:配网自动化，馈线自动化，故障检测，故障处理更多还原

【Abstract】 With the enlargement of distribution networks, automation reconstruction of it has become a trend. The state of distribution automation (DA) is summarized in this thesis. Based on this, model selection, layout and construction of DA is made under the condition of GuYuan district. The request and application of new technique in DA area is also discussed in this thesis, and corresponding conclusion is made. Main content and conclusion of this thesis are:(1). At present, the DA construction can implement some basic functions such as DA basic control and management. So the target and request of DA are very basic and a lot of advanced application can’t be used, running of distribution networks still need the experience of management persons. Present techniques are in transition period and there must be a lot of new techniques in this period. Some good techniques and principles that can solve the request on site will be applied widely after the test of practice. Based on the present technique and request, distributed control system (DCS) whose functions are more scattered will improve the DA ability of urgent and special control. This is beneficial to construction of DA.(2). Based on the analysis of request of structure and running of distribution networks, the distributed model which utilizes single feeder as control object is selected as the best model of feeder automation (FA). Fault identification and isolation of feeder is accomplished by distribution terminal (DT) totally under such model, and distribution substation and main station keep the function of centralizedFA control as backup. This control model need change functions of present distribution terminal.(3). DT is the basic unit of information collection, calculation, transmission, control and protection. It is the object operated by DCS. All control of distribution networks relies on DTs. The concept of DT is extended in this thesis and all-in-one control node of DA (ACN) is presented. Any function such as control, measurement and calculation can be implemented by ACN. Hardware and software of ACN is designed based on this. Hardware of ACN adopts embedded DSP system based on double CPU structure, and software utilizes the real-time operating system. DT-OS software system is designed and improvement of ACN reliability is discussed.(4). Fault handling of FA is discussed based on the ACN. Quick feeder protection is presented utilizing two-dimensional node’s control, and backup protection is discussed to ensure control reliability. Principle of longitudinal identification of single grounding fault is also discussed on DA platform.(5). Persons of management are offered a basic control platform by DA. The function of DA should be added continuously. The expert experience can be integrated in the advanced function of DA by combing universal control platform with ACN. This is special advanced application. Analysis and implement of special application is presented by the example of ice melting of GuYuan DA.更多还原