中国农村环境保护与垃圾处置经济学研究

【作者】 程远；

【导师】 戴星翼；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 毫无疑问，最近二十年中国在经济增长方面取得巨大成功的同时，也付出了沉重的环境代价。人们普遍担忧，农村在环境治理、垃圾处置方面目前暴露出的问题还只是“冰山一角”。已有的有关中国最近几十年环境变迁的研究，由于大多缺乏必要的学术交代，包括数据和方法，还很难确认中国农村目前的环境状况和垃圾处置水平。但基本结论是一致的，农村环境仍在恶化，与此相关的垃圾处置矛盾会越来越尖锐。 论文以“两元经济结构下公共物品的提供”为基本分析线索，对改革开放之后中国农村环境问题进行了系统、全面的经济学研究。 论文的第一章是整个论文的导读部分，包括文献综述和论文大致框架的介绍。第二章提出问题，并且澄清，有关农村环境问题及其垃圾处理研究的现实价值，以及在理论上本次研究对环境经济学的贡献和努力的方向。 论文的主体部分包括第三、四、五、六章。 论文第三章给出初始分析模型，在此基础上，通过调整模型假设，包括将收入增加、消费偏好变化、产权问题、税收和补贴制度、信息问题、随机性和周期性波动、垃圾处理(离散、连续假设)、环境服务市场结构、多期引起的不确定性、城市，农村间博弈多均衡解存在的可能(开放条件下)等一系列制度或政策，外生或内生变量，可变或不可变约束条件放置、加入进原始模型，解析中国农村环境问题和垃圾处理面临的困境。 第四章利用经典的效用函数讨论了传统的“零排放”模式在农村的实践前景和政策含义。 第五章重点就目前的工业化和城市化，利用三组模型具体解析了在不同制度安排下，农村环境与工业化、城市化、城乡格局等制度因素间的互动关系。同时这一部分也着眼于提出农村环境治理与垃圾处置的政策建议。即在模型分析的基础上，讨论哪些因素在一定条件下可以成为政策工具，同时，评估现有的一些环境政策之所以无效背后的经济学机理。 最后一部分从实证的立场上，具体说明了农村环境保护和垃圾处置的策略，并对论文模型解析部分给出的结论进行了检验。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent two decades, the economic construction and development obtained great success in China, but also paid heavy environmental cost. There is a popular worry among the public that the current environmental problems are only a little piece of iceberg. Although there is a quite long line of the literatures on the environmental changes, for most of them has no minimum academic foundation including data resource and methodology, it is hard to know the exact situations of the environments and the garbage disposing in the rural area. Anyway, a common conclusion is agreed that the environments in the countries are worsening and the conflicts on the garbage disposing become heavier.Using the theory of the public good supply under the dual economics as the analysis structure, this dissertation does a systematic and complete economics study on the environmental problems in the rural areas in China.This dissertation consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the literature review and introduction. The second chapter formulates the questions and explains why the study on environmental problems and garbage disposing in the rural area plays such an important role. Additionally, this chapter evaluates the contributions of this study to the field of the environmental economics and implies the relative academic directions.The basic model is presented in the third chapter. Through adjusting the assumptions including income variation, consumption preference changes, property right reform, taxation and subsidy regulation, information problem, random and periodical shock, garbage disposing (discrete or continuous assumption), the structure of the environmental market, multi-period’s uncertainty, multi-resolutions to the game, it analyzes the difficulty regarding with rural environments and the garbage disposing.The forth chapter discusses the practical scenario of the traditional zero-emission pattern in rural under the classical theory of the utility function, and the implications of the relative policies.By means of three models, the fifth chapter analyzes the interactions between the rural environments and industrialization, urbanization, and urban-rural structure under different regimes. Meanwhile, this chapter raises the policy suggestions on how to improve the rural environments and garbage disposing. That is, based on the model, it discusses, under certain conditions, which factors could be used as the tool of the policy, and explain why some environmental policies failed from the viewpoint of economics.The final chapter illustrates the strategies of rural environmental protection and garbage disposing, and tests the models empirically.更多还原