皇家亚洲文会北中国支会研究

【作者】 王毅；

【导师】 周振鹤；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 历史地理学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 皇家亚洲文会北中国支会(1857-1952) 是近代来华外侨在上海建立的一个重要文化机构，它目标明确--调查研究中国各项事情；组织完善--拥有图书馆、博物院、会报、遍布世界各地的会员，形成了多元化的交流媒介、多样化的交流途径。本文复原了这一近代远东汉学重镇的发展历程及其各个机构，在此基础上探讨该机构在近代中西文化交流中的地位和作用。文章分为四章：第一章，叙述了该机构的创建背景与发展历程。创建背景回顾了19世纪以前西方对中国的认识水平，论述了鸦片战争后中外之隔阂与在华外侨对华的求知欲和近代欧美各国创建的各类东方学会。归结出皇家亚洲文会北中国支会建立的原因：外侨的求知与传教是本源，东方学术背景是外在条件，外侨自身的生活需要是直接原因。发展历程则详细回顾了该会的宗旨、行动目标、组织机构的建立与发展，从一个业余文化团体到“上海的一盏明灯”的演变历程。第二章，分析了文会理事会和会员。理事会之责任和义务，历任会长之身份，所有会员之数目、身份、级别，不同级别会员参与文会演讲和发表文章的次数，会员流动所产生的中国文化向西方扩散的途径。第三章，论述了该会的两大部门--图书馆、博物院。首先回顾了历年的藏书量及藏书构成，馆藏之珍贵东方学图书，图书馆之借阅与研究、合作与交流，指出图书馆是近代上海外侨社会的文化教育中心之一，也是汉学研究及中西文化交流的基地。其次复原了馆藏之中国动植物、矿石标本和文物古董，以及博物院所开展的活动，指出它为学者、学生和社会大众提供了科研教育的场所。第四章，文会的日常活动。叙述了该会的常会、例会、演讲、出版等活动，重点论述演讲与会报。通过分析演讲内容、演讲者、会报内容、会报作者，清晰地显示了文会将汉学纳入到国际东方学中主流学术阵营的途径。第五章，分析文会对华之调查研究。通过对文会演讲文章和会报所发表之文章的分析，发现文会经历了一个对中国内政由关注到不再关注的过程，同时文会也走向由调查到研究的演变过程。19世纪在华外侨主要关注中国的商业信息及矿藏资源，20世纪则转向对中国的历史文化的研究。通过对英、美、法、俄、德等各个国家会员的作品分析发现：各国对华研究的区域，在空间上表现出与各国在华划定的“势力范围”和传教区有密切的关系：各国汉学基础之强弱直接关系到各国学者治学成就之高低，在具体研究内容的取材方面虽然也受到各国文化背景、学术传统及国内政局的影响，但个人的喜好所起的作用更为突出。第六章，亚洲文会与中西文化交流。首先论述了亚洲文会在近代国际汉学发展中的成就与不足。从新机构、新资料、新工具、新人才、新方法等六个方面论述了这个问题。指出亚洲文会为在华外侨之汉学研究提供了一个良好的环境，客观上培育了一些汉学家。通过广大会员的努力文会将汉学纳入到了欧美学术阵营中，它也成为世界汉学在远东的学术交流中心地。其次论述了亚洲文会与西学东渐，指出由于文会主要是研究中国而不是向中国传播西学，文会没有采取直接的“西学东渐”行动，所以只是在客观上向中国传播了动植物分类学、博物学、图书分类学等学科的初步知识。更多还原

【Abstract】 The theme of this doctoral dissertation focused on the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (1857-1952). Patronized by imperial Chinese Western, one of the cynosural cultural organizations, NCBRAS definitely targeted on probing details and accidents of China all-encompassing and advanced mutual understanding between the Occident and the Orient. Possessing with wholesome mechanism, i.e. the library, the museum, journals, and 3200 members all over the world, which formed multi-channel media and provided abundant literatures for Western sinological study. Based on the reinstatement of the development process of NCBRAS, one of the super academic fortifications in the Far East, this dissertation meticulously explored its status and influence in modern cultural exchange between imperial China and the West.Chapter I recounted the background and developing process of NCBRAS. During the historical backdrop, the author recollected the Western recognitory horizon of imperial China before 19 century and analyzed the gap between the Western and the Chinese, the thirst for Chinese culture from the foreigners after the Opium War, and the creation of Fast East Societies by foreigners in modern time. From these the author concluded that the inherent, external and direct foundations of constructing NCBRAS were listed as follows respectively: the thirst for knowledge and Christianity preachment of China, the advance of Orientalism, and the survival need. On the course of its growth, this section reconstructed the goals and targets, mechanical construction and metabolism of NCBRAS, from one amateur cultural group to the cynosure one of Shanghai.Chapter II explored the council’s responsibilities and obligations, the status of all previous presidents" the amount, status, and stratums of its numbers, the extent of participation among all stratums, cultural dissemination from China to West triggering by the flow of its numbers.Chapter III recounted the two paramount aspects: library and museum. The section of library described the amount of collected books, its constitution, priceless treasures of sinology, including the study, cooperation and intercommunication among libraries and other similar organizations all over the world, which manifested that the libraries were not only one cultural center of foreigners in Shanghai, but also the headquarter of sionlogical study and cultural exchange between the West and the East. The section of museum restored the antiques, specimens of flora, fauna and core in the museum of NCBRAS, including other events and activities, which indicated that museum afforded one kind of academic and educational location and contributed to the association with outer world.Chapter V analyzed the investigations and researches of imperial China by NCBRAS. With the inquiry on the content of lectures and publications, this section revealed the attitude transition of Chinese Western, from engrossing into domestic politics to distracting, and advance of its activities, from investigation to research. During the 19th century these Western mainly focused on commerce information and mineral resources of China, however, in the next century they converted to history, culture and folk custom. With analyzing works of numbers from England, America, France, Russian, Germany and Japan, the author found a high correlation between the sphere of its influence and its parish in China, between the achievement of members and sinological foundations of their motherlands. Concrete issues selected by these members were also influenced by their cultural backgrounds, academic tradition, and domestic politics, however, individual interests overweigh others.Chapter VI explored Royal Asiatic Society and cultural exchange between imperial China and the West. Firstly, this section discussed achievements and shortcomings of NCBRAS under the advance of international sinology in modern time. From the six new aspects, i.e. organization, materials, appliance, talent, method, this dissertation claimed that NCBRAS afforded a favorable更多还原