周敦颐思想探微

【作者】 陈天林；

【导师】 潘富恩；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中国哲学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 周敦颐思想从气感的角度,始终贯穿着两条主线,一条是以无极为宇宙本源的宇宙生成论;一条是以养心为人道核心的修养论。简单的说,就是“原始反终”。“原始”是宇宙生成;“反终”是天人合一——主静,主静即是养心。宇宙生成论为养心提供了其生成和本然的依据,养心为宇宙生成提供了体悟和理解的可能。这两条主线交相呼应,相得益彰,都是为了指导人的修养身心,治国平天下,最终达到孔颜乐处的圣贤境界,可谓是“致广大而尽精微”。无极是道,它具备一阴一阳,经过太极、阴阳、五行等气感作用从而创造了这个生生不已的世界;心(神)既是气感作用而产生的结果,又反过来成为这个世界的灵明,只有它才能使这个世界生机盎然和光芒四射。心从无极那里秉承了许多天分,无极无形,阴静,是通,是一个一来一往的无穷无尽的过程,心也无象,主静,是神,自然地产生于无极而又自觉地归于无极。心与无极统一,是为了实现人生以及与宇宙万物的通达。而诚是人生与万物通达的保障。诚起源于天道,是天道的承继者,存在于一切事物之中,内在于人的五性即是诚性,超乎善恶之上并止于至善即是诚境,顺化天下即是圣德。圣德即是经世之具,经世应以因情性,审时度势为经略,因情性才能人心安定,审时度势才能高瞻远瞩。从而治国以务实为出发点,以礼乐为手段,以纯心为要,以教化天下为己任,以天下太平为治国理想。总之,周敦颐的创造性就在于融合儒释道,以气感为起点,贯通天道与人道,提出了阴阳化生、一体万物、静体动用等原始反终的宇宙真理;以通达为境界,参感天地,指明了无欲故静,养心纯心,感应之几等人生智慧,以期达到有无之通、经世致用、顺势超然的人生修行之境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhou Dunyi’thought is from the angle that Qi feel each other, running throughtwo main lines always, a cosmology regarding Wuji as cosmos origin and acultivation considering Cultivating mind a core. Say in brief, that is “primitive andultimate”. The “primitive”is a cosmos born, the “ultimate”is that nature and manunite as one—Zhujing that is to cultivate mind. The creating theory in cosmos is forcultivate mind to provide its born basis; cultivating calm for the creating theory incosmos offers the possibility of the apperception. These two main lines act incooperation mutually, and benefit by association together. They are all for the sake ofguiding the person to cultivate mind and body that realize happiness in the world,attaining the sage state of KongYan’enjoying place. It may be said “with the resultthat the most large but to the utmost deeply subtlety”. Wuji is Tao that has one Yin andone Yang, passing by Taiji, YinYang, Wuxing etc. which belong to Qi’feelingfunction to creates this living world without stop; Mind, although being one ofeverything in the world produced by Qi, contrarily become spirit of everything andmake the world properly clear. Only have mind then can make this world full oforganic life with brilliant. Mind from Wuji took many orders and talents there, Wuji isinvisible, Yinjing, and expedite, which is an endless process for one coming then onegoing; Mind also is immateriality, Zhujing and spirit, which come naturally from butreturn again and aware of self in Wuji. The unification of Mind and Wuji is forrealizing life and everything smooth. Honest is a guarantees for Honest originates andinherit God’s way in the whole things: internalizing in person of five natures is Honestnature, transcending good and evil and attaining perfection is Honest condition, andchanging orderly the world is saint virtue. Saint virtuous is manage state affairs whichbased on the stratagem of considering passion-nature and judging time the situationfor planning, because they can make the public stabilize and have great foresight forthe future. So managing state affairs should try to be practical as the point ofdeparture, use Li-Yue as means, purify heart as to importance, civilize world for self-term, and regard world peace as to the managing ideal. To sum up, Zhou Dunyisyncretize the value idea of Confucian, Buddhism and Taoism in a creative way. notonly did Zhou regard Qi—feeling as jumping-off point, master the God’s way andhumanism, and put forward the truth such as YinYang turning life, anyonerepresenting the integral whole creation, Jing being and motion using; But also with ii<WP=7>well expedite for state, Zhou indicated to be lustless, cultivate mind, pure mind,respond subtlety etc. the wisdom for expecting unhindered, practical, flexible, joiningcreating life.更多还原