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虚拟经济制度与结构变迁的研究

【作者】 吴秋璟

【导师】 张晖明;

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 , 政治经济学, 2004, 博士

【摘要】 虚拟经济是和人类预期心理作用有关的实体经济的价值方面经过预期收入资木化定价后进入市场交易,其作用的工具有其物质的存在形式(如纸币、股票、债券、金融衍生工具等材质本身或符号),但与其所代表的价值相背离,是不经过具体的客观物质产品或劳务,只通过建立在人类社会经济活动分工细化和信用借贷基础上的价值符号的转移实现的对价值或财富进行分配或再分配的人类经济活动。它已成为现代经济生活的常态,并有进一步主导实体经济领域发展的趋势。本文选择从制度与结构变迁的视角,用历史和理论相统一的辨证分析方法、新古典经济学和制度经济学的合理内涵和范式,分析这种经济形式产生的制度根源、结构特点、发展趋势及对我国的意义。 虚拟经济是在实体经济的发展过程中由于收益和效率的原因而逐步产生的,但它的迅猛发展却是在20世纪80年代以后,当资本增殖在传统的产业领域遭遇困境时,资本主体对经济活动的经营模式和盈利方式做出的一种新的制度安排。虚拟经济发展的制度与结构安排主要由英美主导,是因为英美的资本增殖过程中首先出现对这种制度的需求、英美的虚拟资本实力最为强大,发展虚拟经济的要求最为迫切。本文阐述了这种制度需求的产生动因,制度供给中各种经济组织的作用及其适应性变迁,制度变迁的绩效、即制度变迁的收益与成本分析,制度变迁的结果、即不同类型的国家在虚拟经济制度与结构变迁中的具体地位与出路。从研究的实践意义上看,加入世界贸易组织以后,对席卷全球的经济全球化我们还处于一种被动的适应状态,没有充分认识到虚拟经济全球化现象下所掩藏的深层次经济背景、给我们带来的种种危机和极其严重的挑战。本文从以上几个角度做出了自己的探索,目的在于从全球虚拟经济制度变迁的客观背景出发,认识虚拟经济制度与结构变迁发生、发展的规律,希望从中总结出能有效地指导中国虚拟经济实践的原则和政策。具体而言,遵循以下研究思路: 第一章明确研究的背景、研究的对象和研究的方法,提出研究的重点和希望突破的方向。 第二章从文献综述的角度,初步构建起本研究的逻辑性分析思路:正是生产效率提高和减少交易成本的需要,决定了商业资本重新从生产领域独立出来,演变为借贷资本,并进一步发展为虚拟资本。通过对相关理论的回顾对研究对象进行概念上的进一步界定,分析了虚拟经济、虚拟经济制度与结构及其变迁的具体内涵和外延,以及变迁的内在逻辑。 第三章从制度分析的视角阐述了虚拟经济发展的历史。论述了主要的虚拟经济产品制度的产生和发展历史;描述了产业资本本位时代发生的几个典型的虚拟经济现象,指出了其发生发展的制度原因;分析了金融资本本位时代虚拟经济规制的起源和虚拟资本的成长,重点分析了20世纪80年代以后,虚拟经济迅猛发展并主导实体经济的制度背景及其演变的具体过程。 第四章虚拟经济制度与结构变迁的动因。分析影响虚拟经济制度需求的各利,因素,即虚拟经济制度产生及其变迁发生、发展的动因。存在虚拟经济的制度需求是因为虚拟经济制度的存在能使经济个体的利润或潜在利润合法化、永久化和最大化。利润率的变化是虚拟经济制度起源与变迁的最终落脚点。利润和与利润有关的价值、利润率、利率,对虚拟经济制度的影响都是通过利润因素发挥作用的,木章分析了这些不同的经济变量在虚拟经济制度变迁中的决定性作用。 第五章虚拟经济制度与结构变迁的过程。分析了影响虚拟经济制度供给的各种变.量,主要是包括企业、市场和国家在内的各种经济组织在制度供给中的作用。具体来说:首先,分析企业的组织形式为了适应虚拟资本增值的需要而发生的结构和经营模式的变化;其次,讨论各种虚拟经济市场形式的发展给虚拟经济制度提供的生存基础;第三,在概述新自由主义国家理论的基础上,分析国家和政府行为在虚拟经济制度形成和演变中的作用。 第六章虚拟经济制度与结构变迁的收益与成本分析。分析虚拟经济制度变迁的绩效、即虚拟经济制度变迁的成本和收益分析,以及虚拟经济制度变迁的具体结果、即不同国家在虚拟经济制度变迁中的具体地位和出路。虚拟经济制度与结构变迁的绩效分析主要是以英美机构投资者的虚拟资本增殖所带来的利益与风险为背景进行。至于虚拟经济制度的发展对世界上其它经济体的影响作者则将其作为虚拟经济制度变迁的结果来看待,选择比较有代表性的以日本和德国为代表的福利资本主义和广大的发展中国家进行分析。 第七章中国虚拟经济制度与结构问题的产生、发展与对策,提供的是一个实证分析和规范分析相结合的总结性部分。首先分析了中国虚拟经济制度发展的概况,介绍了中国虚拟经济发展的制度环境;其次对中国虚拟经济主要的内部结构进行了深入地分析和探讨,对于其中存在的问题和对策选择提出了自己的看法;最后对中国虚拟经济制度与结构选择的世界格局背景、自身的特点、定位的原则进行了总结。 作者试图努力的创新点在于以下四个方面: 首先,从经济学的基础理论出发,选择制度与结构变迁的视角,用新古典经济学和制度经济学?

【Abstract】 Fictitious economy is the value part of real economy related to the human being’s anticipative psychology, which comes into market after the proleptic income has been priced capitally. Its functional tools have their material existence such as banknote, shares, bonds, and other financial derivative implements, but they lapse from the values they represent. Fictitious economy is the distribution or redistribution of values or wealth not by any specific objective products or services but by the transference of value symbols based on the classification of economic activity and the character loan. It has become a commonplace in the modern economic life with a trend to further dominate real economy. This article analyzes fictitious economy’s system origin, structure features, development tendency and the meaning to China from the perspective of systematic and structural change, by the method of dialectics combining history and theory, and with the reasonable connotation and pattern of neo-classic economy and institutional economy.Fictitious economy came into being for the reasons of income and efficiency as real economy developed, and it expanded rapidly after the 1980s, when the capital entity made a new systematic arrangement for the managerial pattern and profit mode after the capital increment came to a standstill in the traditional industry. The systematic and structural arrangement of fictitious economy is led by Britain and America, for they have the earliest and the most urgent demand and they have the most powerful fictitious capital strength in their process of capital increment. This article expounds the cause of the demand, the functions and adaptive changes of various economic institutions, the reason of systematic changes, that is, the income and cost analysis, and the outcome of systematic changes, which means the specific status and solution of different types of countries in the variance of fictitious economy. As to the research value, China is still in a passive state in the respect of economic globalization that has swept the whole world and hasn’t fully realized the deep-level economic background hidden behind the global fictitious economy and the threat as well as the challenge it has brought us after China entered WTO. This article intends to make a tentative exploration from the angles described above with the purpose to understand the developmental laws of systematic and structural changes of fictitious economy and summarize some principles and policies that can effectively direct China’s fictitious economy practice. Specifically, the article is organized according to the following research sequence.Chapter 1 illustrates the background, the object and the way of this research, and points out the focus and prospective breakthrough of the research.Chapter 2 proposes a logical train of thoughts of this ..research from the perspective of literature review, that is, the increase of productivity and the reduction of transaction costs lead to the independence of business capital as loan capital from production and loan capital then evolves into fictitious capital. By reviewing relative theories and further defining the research object, this chapter analyzes the connotation and extension of fictitious economy, the institution and structure of fictitious economy and its vicissitude and the inner logic of this vicissitude.Chapter 3 is an institutional analysis of the history of the development of fictitious economy. This chapter discusses the history of the generation and development of the product system of fictitious economy, describes the typical phenomena of fictitious economy in the time of industrial capital standard and finds out the institutional reason of its generation and development. This chapter also analyzes the origin of the system of fictitious economy and its development in the time of financial capital standard, and emphasizes the process of the institutional background and evolvement of the development of fictitious economy and its dominating of real economy after 1980s.Chapt

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 复旦大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2005年 01期
  • 【分类号】F124
  • 【被引频次】11
  • 【下载频次】939
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