绿色10W/40SH汽油机润滑油试验研究

【作者】 姚顽强；

【导师】 王毓民；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 汽油机润滑油是各种润滑油中工作条件最恶劣，应用最普遍而质量升级换代最快的品种之一。氧化是汽油机润滑油降解的根本原因，沉积物的生成、磨损的加剧、泡沫的增加等无不与油品的氧化有直接关系。汽油机润滑油在工作过程中，经常处于80～250℃温度下，会发生燃烧、氧化、分解、缩合等化学变化，这些变化使汽油机润滑油衰败、降解变质，失去润滑性能，生成有腐蚀性的有机体及无机酸性化合物，腐蚀金属，加剧磨损。因此汽油机润滑油要有好的清净分散性及高温抗氧性能，才能保证润滑，延长换油期。 近年来，随着环保意识和环保立法的加强，人们越来越重视汽油机润滑油等润滑剂对环境的污染问题。国外在20世纪70年代率先开始了“绿色润滑剂”的研究，并制定相应的法规条例，控制汽油机润滑油的排放。我国的汽油机润滑油发展无论在品种上还是质量上与国外相比都存在着较大的差距，高档汽油机润滑油的研制开发刚刚处于起步阶段。抗氧化安定性能是以生物降解性好的植物油等为基础油的绿色汽油机润滑油研制的瓶颈，因此，在我国开发和研制新一代满足环保要求的可生物降解的绿色汽油机润滑油极具挑战性。 本文的主要研究内容如下： 1．对汽油机的摩擦学机理和汽油机主要摩擦副的润滑机理进行了较深入的研究，建立了缸套一活塞环的混合润滑模型、曲轴连杆轴承的油膜厚度方程等。 2．对汽油机润滑油的作用及工作条件、汽油机润滑油使用性能的评定指标、汽油机润滑油的粘度分级，质量分类等问题进行了探讨，归纳出汽油机润滑油应具有的使用性能及其选用原则。 3．通过对现有球锈蚀试验(BRT)、氧化安定性试验(TFOUT)、程序VE油泥生成和阀系磨损试验的试验数据进行科学分析，研究了基础油对汽油机博士学位论文绿色10w/4 OSH汽油机润滑油试验研究/摘要润滑油使用性能的影响，汽油机润滑油功能添加剂的作用机理及主要功能添加剂的试验加量。试验表明，没有哪一种添加剂是完美无缺的，只有靠对多种添加剂的精心选择和设计，才能获得性能较全面的功能复合剂。 4.研究了绿色汽油机润滑油的生物降解问题，认为植物油(特别是高油酸葵花籽油和低芥酸的菜籽油)、双酷及多元酷是可生物降解汽油机润滑油基础油的首选;添加剂对基础油的生物降解性有一定影响，需优选各种添加剂配方，以达到生物降解性的要求，同时满足汽油机润滑油的抗氧化安定性能;介绍了主要的评价生物降解性试验方法:OECD301系列、CEC一L一33一A93试验方法、EPA560/6一82一003“ShakeFlask”试验方法。 5.通过分析可生物降解汽油机润滑油在高温氧化安定性能和生物降解性能两方面的要求，合理选用基础油和添加剂，用均匀设计组织试验，用逐步回归分析法对试验数据进行处理，节省试验成本。在此基础上，分析基础油对添加剂的感受性和添加剂之间的配伍性。提出以植物油为主的10w/40SH可生物降解汽油机润滑油的优化配方。 6.参考经济合作发展组织(organization for Economie Cooperation andDeye10pment)OECD标准，建立适合我国的汽油机润滑油生物降解能力评定方法，并以此方法对研制油和进口同类油品进行了生物降解性对比试验。试验结果表明研制油的生物降解性能明显优于同类矿物基油，研制油不但能满足使用性能，而且也满足生物降解性的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gasoline engine oil is one of lubrications that is used popularly and can be promoted to higher quality grade at a quickest speed with the worst working conditions. The fundamental degradable reason of the gasoline engine oil is the oxidation, which directly gives rise to the occurring of the deposit, the aggravation of the wear and tear and the increase of the foam. The gasoline engine oil usually works at high temperature of 80- 250C. It may occur chemical reactions such as burning, oxidation, resolving and condensation. These reactions make the gasoline engine oil decline, degrade, go bad and lose lubricant performance. The reaction’ s products including organism and inorganic acid compound would corrode metal and aggravate the wear and tear. Therefore, the gasoline engine oil should have good detergent and disperse ability and high temperature oxidation stability in order to guarantee its lubrication and prolong the period for oil-changing.With the enhancement of the environmental protection consciousness and the legislation for the environmental protection in recent years, people pay more and more attention to the problem of the environmental pollution caused by the gasoline engine oil. In 1970s, foreign countries took the lead in research on the green lubricant and enacted the relative laws and regulations to restrict the exhausting of the gasoline engine oil. There is a bigger difference between China and foreign countries on the development of the gasoline engine oil whether on the species or on the quality. The research and manufacturing of top-graded gasoline engine oil is just in the start stage. The high temperature oxidation stability is the bottleneck of the research and manufacturing of the green lubricant whose base oil is the well-biodegraded vegetable oil. Thus, it will be of the most challenge to research and develop a new kind of green gasoline engine oil, which meet the environmental protection standard.The primary study contents are as follows:1. Deeply studied on the friction mechanism of the gasoline engine and the lubrication mechanism of the main tribo-pairs of the engine. Established the compound lubrication model for the cylinder -piston ring, and the oil film thickness equation for the crankshaft, connecting rod and bearing.2. Inquired into the function, and the work conditions of the gasoline engine oil. The performance evaluation norm, the viscosity degree ratings and the quantity classification etc. of the gasoline engine oil were studied too. At last, the using performance and selecting principle were induced.3. Investigated the influence of the base oil and additives on the modern gasoline and the compatibility among the additives based on the data of the tests including ball rust test (BRT), oxidation stability test (TFOUT), greasy filth formation and valve wearing test of VE sequence. The research indicates that the base oil and additives must be carefully investigated and balanced in order to meet the demands of modern gasoline engine oil’s performance.4. Studied on the biodegradability of the green gasoline engine oil. Concluded that the vegetable oil, especially the high oleic sunflower oil and the rape oil with low content of crucic, the 2-ester and thepoly-ester should be the first selected base oil for the degradable gasoline oil. Additives have a certain influence on the biodegradability of the base oil and the formula of them must be optimized so as to meet the biodegradable needs and the antioxidant stability. Introduced main methods of the biodegradability evaluation - they are series of 0ECD301, CEC-L-33-A-93 experiment, and EPA560/6-82-003 " Shake Flask".5. By analyzing the lubricating mechanism and biodegradable performance that the biodegradable gasoline engine oil demands, base oil and additives were chosen reasonably and scientifically. The uniform design of experiment was used to arrange multi-level and multi-factor experiments. The stepwise technique is adopted to put forward the regression equation. Based on all of these, the sensitivity更多还原