【作者】 刘科伟；

【导师】 陈宗兴；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 我国特殊的二元社会经济结构形态和庞大的农村背景的存在，使城镇化呈现出以城市地域经济和人口聚集而呈现出的扩展型城市化和农村地域以中小企业为主体的产业聚集与人口转化和小城镇形成与发展的聚集型城市（镇）化。后者即农村城镇化。 农村城镇化作为我国国情下的一种特有形式，对于促进我国社会经济全面发展和“三农”问题的彻底有效解决具有重要意义。在西北地区特殊地理环境背景下，农村城镇化还对于开发西北地区特色优势资源、发展地方经济、促进社会稳定、减轻生态环境压力具有特殊的意义。 国外关于城镇化的研究主要集中在劳动力乡—城迁移、产业聚集及其空间过程的较微观经济分析方面，而国内城镇化研究则主要围绕改革开放以来国家经济社会发展中有关城镇化的宏观政策问题展开，以城镇化发展的较宏观性的理论问题探讨为主。国内外此方面的研究无疑对我国农村城镇化的研究和实践具有重要的借鉴意义。然而，城镇化作为一个因非农产业和非农人口的空间聚集并进而引起这些人口生活方式与思想意识转变的过程，其中产业聚集、劳动力迁移和城镇发展是一个紧密联系、相互作用、不可分割的连续过程，无论从理论研究的完整性还是从实践操作的可行性来讲，都有必要将三者链接起来对其经济过程和空间聚集过程进行系统而综合的研究。对于区域农村城镇化问题的研究更是如此。 基于以上认识，本文把城镇化进程中的劳动力迁移、产业发展及其空间聚集和城镇发展研究链接起来，在分析西北地区农村城镇化发展的资源环境条件和宏观社会经济背景的基础上，通过对西北地区农村城镇化过程中各主要参与个体——个人、企业和政府的基本状况、行为目标和行动特征以及利益机制的分析，提出了以产业聚集吸引人口聚集，以产业培育和集群创导推动小城镇发展的西北地区农村城镇化发展模式。<WP=6>本文形成的主要结论包括：1．西北地区农村城镇化发展不但要同时面对自身地理环境恶劣、干旱缺水和生态问题严重、经济落后、社会环境复杂等多方面条件的制约，而且还要面对来自东部较发达地区乃至国际竞争所造成的优质资源和要素流失的窘困。同改革开放初期的东部地区相比，其整体发展的难度很大。因此，它不可能是东部地区城镇化的重复。2．西北地区农村城镇化落后且发展步伐缓慢的主要原因是：小城镇非农产业特别是加工制造业基础薄弱，对农村富余劳动力缺乏吸引力；农村富余劳动力实现职业转移存在因文化知识与专业技能水平较低所造成的技术障碍、与农村生产生活方式相对应的文化与制度障碍和就业信息来源渠道过窄的信息障碍；政府规划管理不力，权力配置失衡，发展与建设秩序混乱。因此，农村城镇化发展必须从培育和发展非农产业、消除农村富余劳动力转移的各种障碍、改善政府管理三方面着手，以推动城镇非农产业发展和劳动力转移为核心，协同个人（农村富余劳动力）、企业和政府的目标与行动。3．西北地区农村城镇化发展必须遵循城镇化的基本规律，借鉴发达国家企业集群创导的经验和东南沿海专业村与专业镇的发展经验，结合西北地区资源环境条件和经济社会特征，在科学规划、统筹协调的前提下，充分开发利用当地优势特色资源，鼎力推动企业培育和集群创导，以非农产业特别是加工制造业的培育和集群发展吸引农村富余劳动力向非农产业转移和向重点城镇迁移，从而推动西北地区农村城镇化的快速健康发展。4．西北地区农村城镇化发展必须充分发挥政府特别是小城镇上级政府的作用，通过政府的规划引导、优惠政策诱导和直接投资带动来推进农村城镇化发展。其中，中央政府的重视和支持尤为重要。这不仅是从我国国情、西北地区区情和西北地区发展对于国家全面可持续发展的重要性考虑，也是国外发达的市场经济国家发展落后地区的经验借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the existence of special dual scio-economic structure and complicatedrural background in China, urbanization is appeared to be industry agglomeration andpopulation change as well the forming of small towns and developing gatheringurbanization. The former is central on extended urbanization and industryagglomeration in rural district, both of which are appeared by urban district economyand population gathering. The latter is rural urbanization. As a special form in China, rural urbanization has importance to promote socialeconomy to full development and to the thoroughgoing settlement of problems causedby “Agriculture, Farmers and Countryside”. In the special geographical environmentbackground of Northwest China, the rural urbanization also has special meaning onexploring the characteristic superior resources in northwest, developing localeconomy, promoting society to stability and lightening the pressure of ecologicalenvironment. The researches on urbanization abroad are centralized on urban-rural migrationof manpower, industry agglomeration and micro-economical analysis on its spatialprocess. However, the domestic studies are concentrated on the macro-policies abouturbanization carried out for the development of economy and society in China, sincethe policy of opening and reforming, and the discussion on the macro-problems ofurbanized development. These researches have important reference meaning to ourstudies and practices on rural urbanization. Therefore, urbanization is a changingprocess of population living-style as well as thinking caused by the spatialagglomeration of off-farm industry and off-farm population. And the industryagglomeration, manpower migration and urban development are continual processwhich is close-connected, interactive and inseparable. Thus, attributing to the<WP=8>completeness of theory studies or the feasibility of practice operating, it is necessaryto connect these three topics to study their economic process and process of spatialagglomeration systematically and comprehensively. On the basis of such acquaintanceship, the manpower migration, industrydevelopment and its spatial agglomeration as well as urban development in theprocess of urbanization are connected in this dissertation. Based on the analysis uponresource-environment conditions and macro-society economic background, byanalyzing the basis states, behavioral aim, behavioral characteristic and benefitmechanism of each main participated individual, enterprise and government duringthe rural-urban process in northwest China, the rural-urban developing model ofnorthwest that population gathering is attracted by industry agglomeration and thedevelopment of small towns is motivated by industry cultivation as well as clusterguide. Four important conclusions are included in this dissertation: 1. Rural urbanization of Northwest China confronts not only with the severeenvironment, both ecological problems and intricate social problems, such as watershortage, undeveloped economy etc, but also with the disadvantageous conditionscaused by the internal and external competition which leads the high quality resourceand essentials flowed from undeveloped area to developed area. Compared withEastern China on earlier stage of open-door policy, it is more difficult for the wholenorthwest to speed up its economy. Therefore, urbanization of the northwest can notbe the repetition of the east. 2. The main reason for sluggish rural urbanization of Northwest China is thatthe basis of off-farm industry especially the manufacturing industry foundations aretoo weak to absorb the over-plus labor force from the countryside. The transfer ofover-plus labor force is hindered by low level of knowledge and technology acquiring,the gap of culture and social system existed in life-style between urban and rural andthe lag information for obtain employment. Disorder of development and constructionis aggravated by the flabby admi更多还原