汉唐之际帝王、士大夫家训研究

【作者】 闫续瑞；

【导师】 郁贤皓； 程杰；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 《汉唐之际帝王、士大夫家训研究》对汉唐之际的帝王、士大夫家训进行全面、系统的文献考查、内容研究与形式分析。 本文分三部分： 一、汉代帝王、士大夫家训研究：帝王家训如刘邦《手敕太子》等内容简单，没有超越周公家训的广度和深度。士大夫家训内容以修身问题为中心，内容较为单一；思想观念受到儒家思想制约；缺少真情流露。帝王家训使用文体较少，士大夫家训的文体较为丰富，以书信居多。句式散漫，语言平实朴素。 二、魏晋南北朝帝王、士大夫家训研究：帝王家训内容开始丰富，修身、读书、用人与治国密切联系，有个性化倾向；思想观念呈现多元化趋势。士大夫家训内容更加丰富，训诫范围扩大，《颜氏家训》涉及家庭生活的方方面面；复杂性、矛盾性前所未有；思想观念多元化倾向更加明显，儒、道、佛等思想并存；情感性特征增强，士大夫开始在家训中表现丰富的感情世界。文体非常繁复，句式有明显骈偶化倾向，语言风格变化多样。《颜氏家训》以其独特的结构、骈散结合、文质双兼的语言风格在这一时期家训作品中独树一帜。 三、唐代帝王、士大夫家训研究：帝王家训以李世民家训为研究主体，《帝范》完整而系统；由于李世民对君主与父亲双重角色的反复强调，情感矛盾复杂。士大夫家训内容明显受到科举影响；在情感表达上呈现两极化趋势：家训文学作品充分展现了士大夫丰富真实的心灵世界，家法、家令以严厉著称，很少顾及亲情；《女论语》理论与实践形成反差。家训诗歌大量出现，以五言为主，语言通俗易懂。受唐代古文运动影响，家训文章句式散漫，语言质朴，重实用，轻文采。更多还原

【Abstract】 The treatise "The Research on the Family Instructions of the Monarchs and Scholar-officials in Han and Tang Dynasties" gives a comprehensive and systematic check on the documents, research into the content and analysis of the forms about the family instructions of the monarchs and scholar-officials in Han and Tang Dynasties .This article is divided into three parts:Part one Research on the family instructions of the monarchs and scholar-officials in Han Dynasty. The content of the instructions of the monarchs, such as "Imperial Orders to the Prince Royal" by Liu Bang are simple, but are not beyond the width and depth of Zhou Dan’s family instructions. The content of the scholar-official instructions focuses on cultivating one’s moral character, and follows a certain pattern. The modes of thought are restricted by Confucianism, and they lack the expression of true feelings. The monarch instructions are written in only a few styles, while the scholar-official instructions are written in a variety of styles, many of which are letters. The sentence patterns are loose, and the language is simple and plain.Part two Research on the family instructions of the monarchs and scholar-officials in Wei, Jin and South and North Dynasties. The monarch instructions are rich in content. Cultivating one’s moral character, reading and employing a person are closely connected with managing a country. There is a tendency toward individuality in these instructions, and the modes of thought are of diversity. The content of the scholar-official instructions become richer, and the scholar-officials enlarge the range of their instructions. The Instructions of the Yan Family deals with every side of family life. These instructions are more complicated and contradictory than any previously connected, and the trend of diversity in the modes of thought is more obvious. Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism exist together. These instructions heighten emotional character. The scholar-officials begin to express their rich feelings. The style is very complicated, the sentence structure clearly tends toward a parallel style and the language is full of variety. In all the family instructions of this period, the Instructions of the Yan Family develops a school of its own for its unique structure, its combination of parallel prose and its beautiful and graceful language style.Part three ?Research on the family instructions of the monarchs and scholar-officials in Tang Dynasty. In this part the research on the monarch instructionsmainly focuses on those by Emperor Li Shimin. Emperor Model is complete and systematic. Emperor Li Shimin emphasizes again and again his dualistic role as both an emperor and a father, so the feelings in the instructions are mixed and contradictory. The content of the scholar-official instructions are clearly affected by the imperial examination system, and they have a tendency of polarity in expressing the feelings. The literary works of the instructions are well known for their strictness and pay little attention to family emotions. In "Women’s Analects" there is a strong contrast between theory and practice. The instructive poems play a dominant role, generally following a pattern of five Chinese characters to a line. The language is colloquial and simple. Influenced by the classical literacy style of the Tang Dynasty, the sentence structure is loose in the family instructions, and the language is simple and more practical with less literacy grace.更多还原