【作者】 周楠；

【导师】 罗郁聪；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 经济思想史， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 近年来，“民营银行”已成为我国金融体制改革探讨中最为惹眼的话题之一。然而，学术界在什么是民营银行、为什么要发展民营银行、如何发展民营银行三个问题均存在激烈的争论，尚未达成共识，值得深入地探讨。本文的主要脉络就由此展开。 本文第一部分，阐述了有关民营银行范畴的基本问题。笔者明确将民营银行定义为民间资本控股的本国股份制商业银行。民营银行具有三大特征：产权私有化；经营市场化；管理独立化。它将与国有银行构建一种长期共存、竞争共长、联合协作的关系。 本文第二部分，运用三大理论从三个角度论证了我国发展民营银行的必要性。首先，从金融与经济的关系入手，运用金融与经济均衡发展理论，论证了引入民营银行可以有效地调整经济与金融的失衡关系；其次，着眼于金融制度本身，运用制度经济学理论，论证了发展民营银行是我国金融制度的创新即逐步从政府(国有)垄断的金融制度过渡到为政府和市场型混合安排的金融制度的必然选择；第三，从国际化的广角，运用金融深化理论，论述了金融自由化和金融国际化的大背景客观要求要发展市场化运作的民营银行。 本文第三部分，是全文的主体部分，设计了我国发展民营银行的现实路径。首先，考察了我国台湾地区和匈牙利、波兰、俄罗斯等国在经济转轨时期发展民营银行的路径不同模式，为我国选择民营银行的路径提供了可资借鉴的经验和教训。 其次，论述了我国发展民营银行的约束条件。当前，必须进行四个方面的配套改革：不断完善社会信用体系，营造发展民营银行良好的信用环境；推进利率市场化，赋予民营银行拓展业务的必备工具；构建存款保险制度，塑造发展民营银行的坚实后盾；强化监管体制，提供民营银行健康成长的有力保障。 最后，对我国发展民营银行的现实路径作出具体安排。发展民营银行的总体路径是采用渐进式发展路径、强制性和诱致性变迁相结合、改造和新建相结合、国际化与本土化相结合的路径；改造路径是以现有的股份制商业银行为突破口，打造全国性的精品民营银行和以城市商业银行和城乡信用社为依托，组建地方性民营银行；市场定位路径是地方性的中小银行；股权结构路径宜采取相对集中控股模式；新设地区路径宜优先发展市场经济发达的东部沿海地区。 本文以马克思主义经济理论为指导，并借鉴制度经济学、金融深化理论等西方经济理论，系统地研究了民营银行的发展路径问题，提出了一些自己的见解和主张，对我国当前发展民营银行的改革实践具有一定的参考意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The term "Private bank" has been a focus in the research of China’s financial structure reform in recent years. Whereas there exists a heated controversy on what is a private bank, why should we set up a private bank and how to develop a private bank. The topic deserves our investigation and deep research. The paper will discuss these in detail.Chapter one centers on the explanation of some basic categories of private banks. Here the writer defines the private bank as a domestic stock-holding commercial bank held by private capital. A private bank shares three characters, namely the property right held by private owners, the operation run in accordance with the markets and the management executed independently. The private bank will go side by side along with the state-owned commercial banks in a relatively long time.Chapter two makes use of the three theories to demonstrate the necessity of the development of private banks in China from three aspects. Firstly, the paper cites the theory of equilibrium development between finance and economy, and demonstrates that the establishment of private bank can effectively adjust the inadequality between economy and finance. Secondly, the paper demonstrates that the development of private bank is a financial system innovation, which will lead to a switch of financial system from government monopoly to a government and market combination management. Thirdly, the paper demonstrates that the financial freedom and financial globalization requires market-oriented private bank.Chapter three is the main body of the paper. In this part, some suggestions are proposed concerning the establishment of private banks.Firstly, the paper analyzes the different patterns taken by countries district such as Taiwan Hungary, Poland and Russia in the development of private banks in their economic reform that provides an experience and example for us.Secondly, the paper expounds the restrictions on the development of private banks in China. Four related reforms must be carried out recently. (1) Ameliorating the socialcredit system to provide a sound credit circumstance for the development of private banks, (2) implementing market-oriented interest rate to provide a indispensible operation tool for the private bank. (3) Establishing a deposit insurance system to avoid the operational risk of private banks. (4) Strengthening supervision system to snsure a sound development of private banks.Thirdly, the paper puts forward the practical path arrangement for the development of private banks in China which includes four aspects: (1) the general path covers the arrangement of taking a gradual step and combining the compulsory change with inductive change, the reconstruction with construction, globalization with nationalization. (2) Transformation path covers the arrangement of taking the present share-holding commercial banks as the breakthrough and establishing the local private banks on the basis of urban and suburban commercial banks and co-operatives. (3) Market-oriented path covers the arrangement of establishing local small-sized private banks. (4) Share-holding rights path covers the arrangement of centralization of share rights. (5) District choice path covers the arrangement of well-developed cities and coastal districts.The paper takes the theories of Marxist economics as guidance, the regulatory economics and financial-penetration theories and some other related theories as research methods. The paper also studies the development path of private banks systematically, proposing some unique points of view and will be helpful for the development of private banks in China.更多还原