【作者】 施木田；

【导师】 陈如凯；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 1 苦瓜锌素营养生理 1．1 锌对苦瓜叶片碳代谢及相关酶活性的影响 试验结果表明：在土壤有效锌为0.45mg·kg^-1的低锌胁迫下，苦瓜叶片的蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉、Zn含量，蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、碳酸酐酶（CA）活性显著下降，而酸性转化酶（AI）、中性转化酶（NI）、淀粉酶活性显著提高。相关性统计结果表明，苦瓜叶片蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉、Zn含量，碳酸酐酶、淀粉酶、酸性转化酶、中性转化酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性等各种生理生化指标呈显著和极显著的相关性。 1．2 锌对苦瓜叶片多胺类化合物与活性氧代谢的影响 结果表明：在土壤有效锌为0.45mg·kg^-1的低锌胁迫下，苦瓜叶片中丙二醛（MDA）含量和自动氧化速率（AOR）增加，多胺（PAs）、腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）、精胺（Spm）、抗坏血酸（ASA）的含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性都下降，因而施锌有利于苦瓜抗膜脂过氧化胁迫，延缓叶片衰老；叶片MDA含量与AOR呈极显著正相关，而与PAs、Put、ASA的含量以及SOD、POD、CAT的活性都呈显著和极显著负相关。 1．3 锌对苦瓜叶片内源激素与氮代谢的影响 结果表明：施锌可提高叶片吲哚乙酸（IAA）、赤霉素（GA₃）、蛋白质、核酸含量以及硝酸还原酶活性；降低色氨酸、游离氨基酸和NO₃^-含量以及RNase活性。试验结果同时表明，叶片蛋白质与核酸、硝酸还原酶呈极显著正相关，而与游离氨基酸、NO₃^-含量和RNase呈极显著负相关；色氨酸含量与IAA和GA₃含量；核酸含量与RNase活性呈极显著负相关。文后讨论了锌对IAA和氮素代谢的影响机理。 1．4 锌对苦瓜产量和品质的影响 试验结果表明，在土壤缺锌(有效锌0.45mg·kg^-1)的条件下，每667m²施用硫Stodies on 21 nc之inc and Kl心lyt月en让叭Zinc and Bomn Nu示tive Physio10gy ofBal，引旧1，ear酸锌2一3kg可显著提高苦瓜产量，增幅16.23%一17.18%。并可提高苦瓜vc、蛋白质、17种氨基酸含量，尤其是人体必需氨基酸含量，降低加3一含量，改善苦瓜品质。2苦瓜锌铝营养生理 采用田间喷施试验、植株生理生化测定方法，研究了锌钥营养对苦瓜（株洲长白）产量、品质、氮和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:在土壤缺锌、缺铝的条件下，叶面喷施硫酸锌I，39·L一，配合铝酸钠1，29·L一，均可显著提高苦瓜产量，并可提高苦瓜蛋白质、Vc和17种氨基酸，尤其是人体必需氨基酸含量，降低N03一含量，改善苦瓜品质。这与锌钥提高了叶片蛋白质、核酸、多胺、腐胺、亚精胺、精胺、抗坏血酸、njI噪乙酸、赤霉素含量以及硝酸还原酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性;降低了叶片游离氨基酸、N03一、脱落酸、丙二醛含量和氧自动氧化速率以及RNase活性，从而抑制膜脂过氧化有关。试验结果同时表明，苦瓜产量与叶片NR、PAs、Put、GA3、SOD、POD、CAT;叶片蛋白质与核酸含量;叶片助A含量与ABA、AOR呈极显著正相关;苦瓜产量与叶片翻A、ABA、AOR、RNase;叶片蛋白质与游离氨基酸和RNase;叶片核酸与RNase;叶片MDA含量与以s、Put、spd、SPIn、ASA、I从、眺、500、POD、CAT呈极显著负相关。文后讨论了锌铝营养对苦瓜产量品质和叶片氮、活性氧代谢的影响机理。3苦瓜锌硼营养生理 采用田间肥料试验、植株生理生化测定方法，研究了锌硼营养对苦瓜（株洲长白）产量品质与叶片碳氮代谢、多胺、激素及衰老的影响。结果表明:在锌硼缺乏的土壤中每667扩施用硫酸锌1，Zkg配合硼砂1，Zkg均可提高苦瓜产量，并可提高苦瓜蛋白质、vc和17种氨基酸含量，尤其是人体必需氨基酸含量，降低N03-含量，改善苦瓜品质。这与锌硼提高了苦瓜叶片光合强度（P SR）、叶绿素、蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉、Zn、B、蛋白质、核酸、多胺、腐胺、亚精胺、精胺、抗坏血酸、福建农林大学博士学位论文苦瓜锌及其与钥硼不同配比的营养生理研究吼垛乙酸、赤霉素含量，以及碳酸配酶、硝酸还原酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶的活性，降低游离氨基酸含量、脱落酸、丙二醛含量和RNase活性，从而抑制膜脂过氧化、促进植株生长有关。试验结果同时表明苦瓜产量与叶PSR、CA、NR、Zn、B、PAs、Put、Spd、S阳、挑、SOD、POD、CAT呈极显著正相CA与叶片玉OA、ABA含量和RNase活性呈极显著负相关。叶片Zn与叶绿素、PSR、;CA与PSR、蔗糖、可溶性糖;蛋白质与核酸、NR含量;MDA与ABA含量呈极片关显著正相关，而姗A与PAs、Put、Spd、SPm、ASA、IAA、GA3、SOD、POD、CAT;蛋白质与FAA、RNase;核酸与RNase呈极显著负相关。文后讨论了锌硼营养对苦瓜碳氮代谢;多胺、内源激素代谢以及叶片老化的影响机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 1 Zinc Nutritive Physiology of Balsam pear1.1 Effects of zinc on carbon metabolism and its enzymes activities in leaves of balsam pearThe results showed that the control plants under low zinc (effective zinc content 0.45 mg-kg"1) exhibited a lower contents of sucrose, soluble sucrose ,starch and zinc, lower activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). However, the activities of amylase, acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) in leaves were higher in CK than in other treatments. The statistic result showed that there was a significant correlation between physiological properties, such as sucrose, soluble sucrose , starch, zinc contents, CA, SPS, amylase, AI and NI activities in leaves of balsm pear.1.2 Effects of zinc levels on polyamines(PAs) and active oxygen metabolism in leaves of balsam pearThe results showed that the control plants under low zinc (effective zinc content 0.45mg kg-1)exhibited an increasing of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and autoxidation rate(AOR) in leaves and a decrease of polyamines (PAs), putrescine(Put), spermidine(Spd), spermine (Spm), ascorbic acid (ASA) contents , superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities. Application of Zn raised the ability of anti-oxidant of balsam pear leaves and postponed the senescence of plants. The results also showed that there was a very significant positive correlation between MDA and AOR, a significant and a very significant negative correlation with PAs, Put, ASA contents, SOD, POD, CAT activities.1.3 Effects of zinc levels on endogenous hormone and nitrogen metabolism in leaves of balsam pearThe results showed that zinc application could increase IAA, GAs, protein, nuclear contents and NRase activity, but decrease tryptophane, nitric nitrogen (NOT), free ammonic acids contents (FAA) and RNase activity in leaves of plants. The results also showed that there was a significant positive correlation between protein contents and nuclear contents, NRase, but a significant negative correlation with NO3-, FAA and RNase, and a significant negative correlation between tryptophane contents and IAA, GA3, contents and RNase activity. The reason for the effect of zinc on IAA and nitrogen metabolism was discussed.1.4 Effects of zinc levels on yield and qualitiesThe results showed that application of ZnS04 7H2O with doses of 2 and 3 kg in 667m2 in zinc deficient soil could significantly increase yields of balsam pear, i. e. 16. 23% to 17.18% . and the contents of 17 sorts of amino acids, especially the contents of essential amino acids for human body, and also raised the contents of protein, Vc, but decrease the NOs-N contents in balsam pear. So the vegetable qualilies were improved.2 Zinc and molybdenum nutritive physiology of balsam pearEffects of zinc and molydenum nutritions on yields and Quality , nitrogen and active oxygen metabolism in leaves of balsam pear (ZAuzhou Changbai) were studied by field trial and physiological determination. The results showed that application of ZnSO4 7MK1,3g L-1) and Za2Mo04 2H20 (1,2 g L-1) in leaves, with Zn, Mo deficient soil, could increase yields of balsam pear, and the contents of 17 sorts of amino acids, especially the contents of essential amino acids for human body, and also raised the contents of protein, Vc, but decrease the NOa-N contents in balsam pear. So the vegetable qualilies were improved. The reason was that Zn, Mo could increase protein, nuclear and PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, IAA, GAsand ASA contents and SOD, POD, CAT and NR activity, but decrease NOs, FAA.MDA, ABA contents , AOR and RNase activity in leaves, which inhibit membrane lipid peroxidation.. The results also showed that there was a significant positive correlation between yield and NR, PAs, Put, GA3, SOD, POD, CAT; protein contents and nuclear contents in leaves; MDA and AOR, ABA. but a significant negative correlation between yield and RNase, MDA ,ABA; protein contents and FAA, RNase ; nuclear contents and RNase ; MDA and PAs, Put, Spd, Spm, IAA, GAa, ASA, SOD, POD更多还原