【作者】 章步云；

【导师】 刘中； 汤彬；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 通信与信息工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 滑坡灾害是一种主要的地质灾害，具有巨大的危害性。滑坡监测和预报能有效地减少滑坡带来的危害，在国民经济建设中有着十分重要的现实意义。长期以来，人们一直在致力于滑坡灾害监测和预报的研究，积累了丰富的经验，取得了积极的成果。目前，滑坡监测的研究工作主要集中于如何采用新的技术和方法实现对滑坡位移实时有效的监测和数据采集。为此，本文将基于全球定位系统(GPS)的滑坡监测方法和基于通用分组无线业务(GPRS)技术的数据实时传输方法结合起来，提出了基于GPRS技术的滑坡位移实时监测方法；并根据实际应用需要，构建了相应的滑坡位移实时监测系统。该系统采用了差分GPS位移监测、GPRS网络数据实时传输和TCP／IP协议组网等先进技术，能够对滑坡位移进行全天候的实时监测；外场实验表明，系统工作稳定，实现了设计功能。本文研究的主要内容包括： (1) 根据滑坡监测研究的现状和应用需要，提出了使用GPRS技术的基于GPS的滑坡位移实时监测方法。 (2) 设计了由滑坡位移监测与数据采集子系统、数据传输子系统和数据处理和监控子系统组成的系统实现方案，并对各子系统的设计指标进行了论证。 (3) 设计并实现了滑坡位移数据采集子系统。该子系统首先对GPS位移监测数据进行采集，然后对采集数据进行压缩，再按TCP／IP协议对压缩后数据进行封装，最后将封装后的TCP／IP数据包发送到数据传输子系统。该子系统用差分GPS单频接收机实现滑坡位移自动测量(水平精度1cm，垂直精度2cm)，用单片机实现了对GPS接收机输出的载波相位观测等卫星信息数据的实时采集、压缩、存贮和IP数据包封装等。 (4) 设计了基于GPRS网络的数据传输子系统。根据GPRS网络系统结构和数据传输接口，完成了系统数据交换命令集的定义和传输接口程序的开发，实现了对封装后的数据包的实时传输。 (5) 在数据处理与监控子系统的后台服务器上，应用Vc++编程环境和WinSockAPI接口，应用模块化的编程思想，实现了数据收发及数据文件管理、系统参数设置、GPS观测数据的差分解算和监测结果显示等功能。 (6) 对系统进行了测试，并选择昌金高速公路江西萍乡滑坡点进行了外场实验，取得了满意的实验结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landslide is a kind of main geological disasters and has great destructions and distresses. Landslide monitoring and forecast is an effective method to reduce the harm of landslide. So far this area has acquired wide attention and some efficient schemes are developed. However, realizing all-day and real-time monitoing remains a difficult problem. In this dissertation, a landslide monitoring scheme is proposed and a practical system is developed. The scheme integrates the landslide monitoring technique based on global positioning system (GPS) and the data transmission service using the general package radio service (GPRS) technique, and the all-day and real-time monitoring services are achieved. In the developed system, the differential GPS technique is applied to measure landslide displacement, the GPRS technique and transfer control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) networking are used to transmit the collected data in real time. Data analyses and result display are performed in control room. The field tests show that the landslide monitoring system works well and achieves the desired performance.Main works of this disseration are as follows:1. Propose a real-time landslide monitoring scheme integrating the GPS and GPRS techniques, according to the state of the art of the landslide monitoring techniques and the practical requirements.2. Develop a practical system and demonstrate its specifications. The developed system consists of landslide displacement measurement and data collecting sub-system, data transmission sub-system, data processing and monitoring sub-system.3. Design and implement the subsystem of the landslide displacement measurement and data collecting. The sub-system includes the displacement data collecting by GPS, data compression of the collected data, encapsulation of the compressed data according to TCP/IP protocol, and transmission of the encapsulated data to data transmission sub-system. In the sub-system, the differential single-frequency GPS receivers are used to measure the landslide displacement automatically (the measurement precision reaches 1cm in horizontality and 2cm in verticality), micro control unit (MCU) is utilized to realize data collecting, data compression and data encapsulation of GPS information including carrier phase data.4. Design the data transmission sub-system based on GPRS network. According to theIIIGPRS network structure and data transmission interface, the sub-system defines data exchange command groups and real-time transmission of the encapsulated data.5. In the sub-system of data processing and monitoring, apply the visual C++ and WinSock API programming environment to implement GPS differential solutions, data file management, system parameter configuration, monitoring result display and so on.6. Conduct the field tests and obtain the satifactory performances. The tests were conducted on a landslide body at the Jing-chang freeway, Pingxiang city, Jiangxi province.更多还原