【作者】 尹守东；

【导师】 王凤友；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 生态学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 通过对黑龙江省勃利县通天一林场相近林龄、相似林分结构、相同立地和经营措施的红松和落叶松人工林的生物量、生产力和养分循环进行比较研究，发现二者在生物量分布格局、养分的吸收与积累、生产力分配、养分循环和在回收等方面存在较大差别，在乔木层和林下植被生物量分布比例和林下植被养分积累方面颇为相近。 研究结果表明，落叶松人工林群落总生物量为82.13t·hm^-2，其中乔木层占96.31％。落叶松乔木层生物量分布格局为：树干生物量为48.55t·hm^-2，约占60％，地下部分（包括根颈在内）生物量为16.18 t·hm^-2；枝生物量为6.82 t·hm^-2；皮5.84 t·hm^-2；叶1.7t·hm^-2。红松人工林群落总生物量为70.32 t·hm^-2，乔木层总生物量为68.89t·hm^-2，其中树干生物量为29.65t·hm^-2，约占50％，地下部分（包括根颈在内）生物量为14.61t·hm^-2；枝生物量为12.68t·hm^-2；叶7.10t·hm^-2；皮4.91t·hm^-2。二者相比较，落叶松人工林树干比例大于红松人工林，而叶和枝的生物量比例远低于红松人工林。落叶松人工林乔木层生产力为8.59t·hm^-2·a^-1，红松人工林乔木层的生产力为8.41t·hm^-2·a^-1，二者的生产力分配与生物量分配比例相近。 落叶松人工林乔木层的五种大量元素养分积累为：落叶松树干营养元素积累量152.88kg·hm^-2，枝、皮、根、叶养分积累量分别为96.62kg·hm^-2、104.34kg·hm^-2、108.62kg·hm^-2，53.539kg·hm^-2，落叶松人工林对钙元素有最大的积累量，为173.65kg·hm^-2，氮次之，为150.61kg·hm^-2，钾103.95kg·hm^-2，镁36.03kg·hm^-2。红松人林工乔木层养分总积累量为656.97kg·hm^-2，各元素分别为：氮素积累为246.16kg·hm^-2，磷的积累量40.50kg·hm^-2，钾的积累量113.99kg·hm^-2，钙的积累量205.08kg·hm^-2，镁的积累量51.23kg·hm^-2。与落叶松人工林相比，红松人工林在叶、根、皮、枝积累了大量养分，尤其是氮素，红松人工林的养分积累量远远高于落叶松人工林，发现红松人工林自身贮存养分的能力大于落叶松人工林。落叶松与红松针叶大量养分氮、磷、钾之间存在显著的正相关，钙与镁含量正相关也达到显著水平。而红松针叶中钾与钙、氮与钙则有显著的负相关。 落叶松人工林针叶氮、磷的回收率分别为61％、58％、，高于红松人工林。红松人工林针叶凋落时氮回收率30％、磷回收率51％。落叶松人工林每年吸收和通过落叶流失的氮素低于红松人工林，落叶松人工林的氮素利用效率比红松人工林高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The biomass, productivity and nutrient cycle of Larch plantation and Korean pine plantations in Boli of Heilongjiang Province were studied by selecting the similar stands in stand age, stand structure, site and management practices. Results indicated that the two stands were significantly different in biomass allocation, nutrient absorption and accumulation, productivity allocation, nutrient cycle, and nutrient return. The biomass allocations of tree stratum and understory plants, and the nutrient accumulation of understory plants, were similar for the two stands.The community biomass of larch plantation were 82.13t· hm-2, of which 96.31% of the community biomass was allocated to tree stratum(79.10t ·m-2). The allocation pattern of biomass in tree stratum were 48.55t·hm-2 in stem (approach to 60% of tree stratum biomass), 16.18t ·hm-2 in underground (include root crown), 6.82t·hm-2 in branch, and 1.7t·hm-2 in leaf. The community biomass of Korean pine plantatoin was 70.321 · hm-2, 68.89t ·hm-2 in tree stratum, 29.65t ·hm-2 in stem (approach to 50% of tree stratum biomass), 14.61t · hm-2 in underground (include root crown), 12.68t·hm-2 in branch, 7.10t ·hm-2 in leaf, 4.91t ·hm-2 in bark. The comparison of the larch and Korean pine plantations showed that the stem proportion in larch plantation was higher than that in Korean pine plantation, but the leaf and branch proportion in larch were lower than that of Korean pine plantation. The productivities of tree stratum in larch and Korean pine plantations were similar, 8.59t · hm-2 · a-1 and 8.41t · hm-2 · a-1, respectively. The allocations of productivity and biomass were similar.The nutrient accumulation of the five macronutrients in tree stratum of larch plantation were 152.88kg ·hm-2 in stem, 96.62kg · hm-2 in branch, 104.34kg ·hm-2 in bark, 108.62 kg ·hm-2 in root, and 53.54kg · hm-2 in leaf. In larch plantation, the accumulation of calcium, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium elements were 173.65 kg · hm-2, 150.61kg · hm-2, 103.95kg · hm-2, and 36.03kg · hm-2, respectively. The total nutrient accumulation in tree stratum of Korean pine plantation was 656.97 kg ·hm-2, of which 246.16 kg ·hm-2 nitrogen, 40.50kg ·hm-2 phosphorous, 113.99kg · hm-2 potassium, 205.08 kg · hm-2 calcium and 51.23kg · hm-2 magnesium. Compared with larch plantation, the nutrient accumulation in leaf, root, bark and branch of Korean pine plantation were higher, especially in nitrogen.The return amount of nitrogen and phosphor in leaves of larch plantation were 61% and 58%, higher than those of Korean pine plantation, with 30% and 51%, respectively. The nitrogen amount of absorbing by root and losing by abscising leaves in larch plantation was lower than those in Korean pine. The nigrogen utilization efficiency of larch plantation were higher than that of Korean pine.更多还原