【作者】 严汉平；

【导师】 白永秀；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 经济学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本研究基于以下三个背景：一是中国区域差异不断加大的趋势；二是缩小区域差异是新中国历来不懈奋斗的目标和目前正在努力的方向；三是现有区域经济学研究中对制度因素重视不够以及分析不够深入。本研究不仅具有发展经济增长理论和丰富区域经济学理论等理论意义以外，同时为加快西部经济发展，缩小区域经济差距，最终实现全面、协调和可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。 本研究包括了以下几个方面的内容：一是制度、制度创新与经济发展的关系；二是我国区域差异及差异的成因分析；三是东西部之间制度落差分析；四是西部制度的非均衡；五是西部制度创新的路径；六是西部经济发展中制度创新主体的角色定位。 通过分析得出以下几点结论，其中包含着笔者的创新之处：一是制度创新与经济发展之间是互动的关系，制度创新会促进经济发展，经济发展会加快制度创新；二是中国区域差异的形成尽管受到诸多因素的影响，但核心的因素是制度差异，缩小区域差异可以采取多种路径，但关键是进行制度创新；三是东西部之间的制度落差，不仅表现为产权制度、市场制度等正式制度落差，还有市场经济观念、就业观念等非正式制度的落差，制度创新是消除制度落差的关键。现阶段，对于西部来说，通过非正式制度创新消除非正式制度落差比通过正式制度创新消除正式制度落差更为迫切；四是现阶段西部处于制度的非均衡状态，制度的非均衡表现为“制度短缺”和“制度过剩”并存的格局。对于现阶段的西部地区来说，通过清理过剩的制度以解决“制度过剩”比通过增加制度供给解决“制度短缺”更为重要，而且增加制度供给是制度创新，清理过剩的制度实质上也是制度创新；五是西部制度创新应走一条自发演进、内生的、渐进式的路径，同时制度创新应在一定的框架下进行并要符合西部地区的现实情况；六是西部经济发展中有三类制度创新主体，分别是宏观主体——中央政府，中观主体——地方政府，微观主体——企业、居民户和社会中介组织，三类主体各有利弊。在西部经济发展的不同阶段，在不同的资源配置方式下各种制度创新主体具有不同的比较优势。笔者对西部经济发展中制度创新主体的定位是：在启动期，中央政府应作为制度创新的第一主体；在开发期，西部地方政府应作为制度创新的第一主体；在发展期，微观主体应作为制度创新的第一主体。在现阶段，由于西部地方政府作为西部经济发展的制度创新主体具有比较优势，所以，西部地方政府在西部经济发展中应承担起制度创新第一主体的角色。西部经济发展中制度创新主体角色定位取决于中文摘要经济发展和资源配置方式，制度创新主体的角色定位是变化的，随着经济发展和资源配置方式的转变，即随着市场化程度的提高，西部经济发展中的制度创新主体应呈现出从宏观主体一中观主体一微观主体转换的轨迹和趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 This research paper is based on the following background: First, the tendency that China’ s regional differences trend to extend; Second, the factor that China persistently endeavors to reduce the regional differences since its establishment and now is striving for this direction; Third, the phenomenon that institution factors in Regional Economics receive less attention and deficiently substantial analyses. This research theoretical significance in developing Economic Growth Theory and diversifying Regional Economics Theory. In addition, it is realistically and considerably helpful to expedite the development of western China’ s economy, reduce the differences of regional economy, and ultimately, actualize an overall, coordinated and sustainable development.The article is composed of the following aspects: The relationship among institution, institutional innovation and economic development; China’s regional differences and the analyses of their causes; Analyses of institution drop elevation between Eastern regions and Western regions; Institutional uneguilibrium in Western regions; The institutional innovation method of western regions; The role orientation of institutional innovation protagonist in western China’ s economic development.According to these analyses, the following conclusions, containing the innovation of this paper, can be drawn. First, institutional innovation and economic development have reciprocal effect on each other-institutional innovation will promote economic development; also, economic development will accelerate institutional innovation. Second, institution difference is the core impactful element in the formation of China’s regional differences in spite of many in the formation of China’ s regional differences in spite of many other influences. Correspondingly, institutional innovation is the most crucial method of all in narrowing regionaldifferences. Third, the institution drop elevation between Eastern regions and western regions is manifested in terms of formal system drop elevation such as property rights system, market system, etc, as well as informal institution drop elevation, such as market economy concept, employment concept, etc. Institutional innovation is the key to eliminating the institution drop elevation. Western regions at present phase are more badly in want for eliminating the informal institution drop elevation via informal institutional innovation, rather than eliminating the formal institution drop elevation via formal institutional innovation, which is also of high indispensability. Forth, at present, western regions are in phase of institutional unequilibrium. The layout of the coexistence of "institution shortage" and "institution surplus" is the very expression of institutional unequilibrium. However, it is more important in current western regions to clean off superfluous institution in order to solve the problem of "institution surplus" than to supplement institution supply so as to solve the problem of "institution shortage". On the other hand, institution supply expansion is of institutional innovation. Equally, superfluous institution removal is actually of institution innovation as well. Fifth, institutional innovation in western regions should emerge inertly evolve spontaneously, progress and advance gradually. Meanwhile, institutional innovation should undergo within a certain frame and conform to the current situation of western regions. Sixth, there are three tykes of institutional innovation protagonist in western China’s economicdevelopment. They are: macro-protagonistt-he control government,neutron-protagonist-local governments, and micro-protagonist-enterprises, residents and social intermediary organizations. These three protagonists have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Every institutional innovation protagonist owns various comparative superiorities with different modes of resource distribution in distinct stage of western China’ s economic development. The author of this research paper gives institutional innovat更多还原