【作者】 丁清峰；

【导师】 孙丰月；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 摘要：研究表明，东昆仑造山带隶属于柴达木陆块南缘，其区域地质背景复杂，区域地层、岩浆岩和构造多样。自古生代以来，区内东昆北、东昆中及东昆南三条区域性断裂带呈近东西向平行展布，前人一般据此将东昆仑造山带划分为东昆北、东昆中和东昆南三个构造带。在各个构造带内，区域地层各具特点，其一，南北基底不同，东昆中和东昆北带早元古代金水口（岩）群构成了结晶基底，东昆南带万宝沟群构成了褶皱基底；其二，南北地层的活动性存在差异，东昆北和东昆中带内的冰沟群是金水口（岩）群结晶基底之上的稳定盖层，而东昆南带内的万宝沟群和纳赤台群代表了海相活动环境；其三，东昆北和东昆中带的石炭系和二叠系为稳定型地层，东昆南带的则为活动型地层。另外，区域岩浆活动亦十分强烈，各个时代和各种类型的岩浆岩遍布全区，不仅分布有大量与板块俯冲-碰撞作用有关的中酸性岩浆岩岩石组合，也广泛发育有造山后大陆伸展阶段形成的双峰式岩浆岩岩石组合；还保留着一些蛇绿岩或基性-超基性侵入岩等镁铁质-超镁铁质岩岩石组合。 在区域地质背景研究基础上，结合前人研究成果和实际野外调研，我们认为东昆仑造山带三个构造带的地质含义实际上是东昆北加里东弧后裂陷带、东昆中基底隆起和花岗岩带及东昆南复合拼贴带，该造山带经历了复杂地球动力学演化史。中-新元古代，柴达木准地块形成，并在东昆仑东段裂解出苦海古陆且随后聚合；而东昆中断裂以南的万宝沟群，则是同时期前原特提斯洋中由地幔柱活动形成的大洋玄武岩高原。加里东期，万宝沟玄武岩高原北缘，原特提斯洋洋壳向南俯冲并形成了沟-弧体系；同时，北部的柴达木地块南缘从被动陆缘转化成活动陆缘，洋壳由南向北俯冲，并在现今东昆北断裂带处形成了东昆北弧后裂陷带，具完整的沟-弧-盆体系。加里东末期，万宝沟大洋玄武岩高原和苦海古陆已经拼贴到柴达木地块南缘，并造成东昆北弧后裂陷带封闭，洋壳俯冲带南移至东昆南俯冲带。印支早期，东昆南俯冲带南侧的特提斯洋封闭，巴颜喀拉印支期褶皱带拼贴于东昆仑南缘，整个东昆仑及其以南地区转入陆内演化阶段，边缘造山作用结束。印支晚期，东昆仑地区发生了强烈的壳-幔相互作用，岩石圈发生拆沉作用并导致地幔岩浆底侵，构造体制从挤压体制向伸展体制转化，大量幔源物质和能量参与构造岩浆活动和成矿作用。 在剖析了东昆仑造山带的区域地质背景和地球动力学演化史后，我们对东昆仑区域成矿的地质、地球物理和地球化学条件进行了分析。从区域地层上来看，含特殊层位的矿源层对成矿有明显的控制作用，其中含热水沉积成因的硅质岩或硅质钠长质岩的地层或形成有利的矿源岩（如肯德可克矿区），为后期叠生成矿奠定物质基础，或直接形成工业矿床（如驼路沟矿区）；另外，区内黑色页岩（包括碳质板岩、碳质泥岩、碳质页岩和含碳钙质板岩等）也是很好的矿源层。从区域岩浆岩上来看， 1<WP=163>各类岩浆活动不仅为成矿提供了物源、热源和成矿场所，是区内脉型热液矿床、矽卡岩型矿床、斑岩型矿床及热水喷流沉积型矿床等形成的重要前提和必要条件；且火山岩和火山碎屑岩是重要的矿源层，花岗岩类和蛇绿岩等侵入岩则具成矿专属性。从区域构造上来看，东昆仑地区东西向区域性主断裂构造控制着Ⅲ级成矿带的展布，其次级北西向断裂构造则控制着成矿带内矿床（点）的分布和定位。从地球物理场来看，区内成矿一般在布格重力异常反映的高密度体内低密度区或低密度体内高密度区内或其边部分布；与航磁正异常关系较好。从地球化学异常特征来看，可将东昆仑地区划分为五个地球化学小区；且根据我们圈定的 Au、Cu 和 Co 等地球化学块体的分布特征来看，它们和相应的已知矿床（点）对应关系较好，对找矿有较好的指导意义。 在此基础上，我们对东昆仑区域成矿规律进行了总结和探讨。从时间分布规律上来看，东昆仑区域成矿作用主要集中在印支期、其次为加里东期、再其次为海西期和燕山期；空间上则在各构造带及南邻巴颜喀拉带内呈带状分布，形成了东昆北Cu、Co、Au、Fe、Pb、Zn、W、Sn 成矿带、东昆中 Au、Fe（W、Sn）成矿带、东昆南 Co、Cu、Au、Pb、Zn（Hg、Sb）成矿带和阿尼玛卿-巴颜喀拉 Au、Sb、Hg（Cu、Co、W、Sn）成矿带等四个Ⅲ级成矿带。 通过对各成矿带的地质背景、矿床（点）分布规律和主要成矿作用进行研究，认为东昆北成矿带的典型矿床包括肯德可克热水喷流沉积-热液叠生改造型钴、铋、金矿床和白干湖高温热液型钨、锡矿床；东昆中成矿带的典型矿床是造山型五龙沟金矿床；东昆南成矿带的典型矿床是驼路沟热水喷流沉积型钴（金）矿床；阿尼玛卿-巴颜喀拉成矿带的典型矿床是大场造山型金、锑矿床。随后，根据前人资料和野外调研成果，对各典型矿床的矿区地质特征、矿床地质特征、流体包裹体及矿床成因模式和成矿潜力等进行了系统的讨论，确定了其矿床类型。 最后，我们根据中国地质调查局的要求，完成了东昆仑空间数据库的建设，数据库内容包括基础地理底图数据库，数字地质图空间数更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract: Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt is located in the south of Caidam continentalblock. Its regional geologic settings are very complicated including diverse regionalstrata, magmatic rocks and structures. Three regional faults strike nearly EW; they arefaults of North of Eastern Kunlun, Middle of Eastern Kunlun and South of EasternKunlun. Predecessors divided East Kunlun orogenic belt into three tectonic belts by theabove three regional faults. Regional Strata characterized as follows in each tectonic belt.At first, basements are different from south to north. Paleoproterozoic Jinshuikou Groupformed crystallized basement in North belt and Middle belt of Eastern Kunlun, andWanbaogou Group just formed fold basement. The second, activities are different fromsouth to north. Binggou Group was a stable cover strata laying on Jinshuikou Group, andNachitai Group stood for marine active environment laying on Wanbaogou Group. At last,Carboniferous and Permian were stable strata in North belt and Middle belt of EasternKunlun, and were active strata in South belt of Eastern Kunlun. Regional magmatism wasstrong also, and every epoch or type of magmatic rocks occurred in whole EasternKunlun Mountain. There are many neutral-acid magmatic rocks assemblages related withsubduction -collision of plates and some bimodal magmatic rocks assemblages formed onthe stage of continental extension in post-orogenic epoch. And there existed still a little ofmafic-ultramafic rocks assemblages consisted of ophiolites or basic-ultrabasic rocks. On the basis of regional geologic settings, it was thought that geologic meanings ofthe above three tectonic belts were Caledonian back-arc rift belt of North of EasternKunlun, basement uplifting and granite belt of Middle of Eastern Kunlun and compositecollage belt of South of Eastern Kunlun. The Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt went throughcomplicated geodynamic evolution. On Meso-Neoproterozoic, Caidam crustal block hadformed, and Kuhai ancient land dispersed and then converged. At the same time,Wanbaogou Group in south of the fault of Middle of Eastern Kunlun were oceanic basaltplateau formed by mantle plume in Pre-Proto Tethys Ocean. On Caledonian, a trench-arcsystem was formed in the north of Wanbaogou basalt plateau because of southwardsubduction of proto Tethys Ocean. To the north of it, the southern margin of Caidamblock was transferred from passive continental margin into active one, and a back-arc riftbelt was formed in the fault of North of Eastern Kunlun, during southward subduction of4<WP=166>oceanic plate. A whole trench-arc-basin system was formed. On late Caledonian,Wanbaogou basalt plateau and Kuhai ancient land had converged with southern margin ofCaidam block, and back-arc rift belt of North of Eastern Kunlun had also closed. Thenthe subduction zone moved to the fault of South of Eastern Kunlun. On early Indosinian,the Tethys Ocean on the south of the subduction zone of South of Eastern Kunlun closed,and Bayan Har fold belt converged with southern margin of Eastern Kunlun. It meantEastern Kunlun marginal orogenesis had ended, and whole Eastern Kunlun orogenic beltcame into a stage of intracontinental evolution. On late of Indosinian, strong interactionof crust-mantle occurred, and lithosphere detachment caused mantle magma diapirism.Tectonic system of Eastern Kunlun transferred from a compressive system to a stretchingone, and a lot of mantle substance and energy took part in tectonism, magmatism andmetallogenesis. Based on the above research, we analyzed regional metallogenic conditions fromgeology, geophysics and geochemistry. Considering regional strata, some source bedswith ore-bearing strata controlled apparently metallogenesis. The strata containedhydrothermal siliceous rock or siliceous albitite ether formed some favorable source bedsand established substantial foundation for later diplogenetic metallogenesis (e.g.Kendekeke ore field) or formed directly industrial ore deposit (e.g.更多还原