哈贝马斯法哲学研究

【作者】 夏宏；

【导师】 夏基松；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 外国哲学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 尤尔根·哈贝马斯(J(?)rgen Habermas，1929-)是当代著名的思想家。与其他法兰克福学派成员不同，他不仅有自己的批判理论，而且还有自己的建构理论，即如何在批判理论基础上建构关于未来美好社会的理论。他将话语理论引入法学领域，对当今西方各种法学流派进行了批判，并试图在批判的基础上，对现代法学从理论上进行重构；同时他又将这一理论引入实践领域，努力使现代法治走出时代的困境。 第一至三章主要从理论上探讨哈贝马斯如何对现代法律理论进行重构。第一章阐述了哈贝马斯对自然法学派的法学方法论和实证主义法学方法论的批判。他的法律话语理论的基础是他的交往行为理论和话语理论。他试图用这一理论去解决法律的合法性问题，以及法律实践中的合理性问题。第二章阐述了哈贝马斯的权利本体论，他以“理想的言说情境”取代“自然状态”或“无知之幕”，并以它作为论证权利的出发点，以交往合理性代替传统的实践理性，以话语原则取代道德原则，对传统的权利理论进行了重构。第三章阐述了哈贝马斯的法律价值论。具有合法性的法律是系统与生活世界之间的转换器，它不但要保护私人自治和公共自治，而且还要对价值多元化的社会进行整合。话语原则是合法性法律的评价标准。 第四至第六章主要探讨哈贝马斯的法律话语理论如何应用于立法、司法和行政过程。第四章阐述了哈贝马斯的话语民主理论。话语民主是赋予立法过程以合法性的力量，实用性话语、伦理性话语、道德性话语以及讨价还价是形成合法性法律的基本话语形式。第五章探讨了哈贝马斯的司法裁决理论。他将话语理论引入司法领域，其目的在于使司法裁决具有合法性和合理性。第六章探讨了哈贝马斯关于行政与话语理论的关系问题。哈贝马斯对行政权力进行了重构，他将话语理论运用于行政领域，试图使晚期资本主义福利国家走出行政的困境。 尽管国内外学术界对哈贝马斯的法哲学褒贬不一，尽管他的一些观点与现实还有一段长长的距离，但他努力为现代法治探索未来的做法是值得嘉许的。深入地研究哈贝马斯的法学思想，在理论上和实践上具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jiirgen Habermas (1929-) is a famous thinker in our contemporary era. He distinguishes himself from other members of Frankfurt School in that he has not only his own critical theory,but also his constructive theory,the one to construct a better world for the future based on his critical theory. Habermas introduces bis discourse theory into legal domain. By doing so,he investigates and criticizes many kinds of legal schools and attempts to reconstruct modem legal theory.He also brings his legal theory into the practice to lead modern rule of law out of present predicament.Chapter 1 through 3 of the present dissertation examine how Habermas theoretically reconstruct his modern legal theory. Chapter 1 describes and analyzes Habermas’s criticism to the methodologies of natural law school and positivist school of law. His discourse theory of law is based on bis theory of communicative action and discourse theory, and its aim is to solve the problem of legitimacy of law and rationality of legal practice. Chapter 2 elaborates Habermas’s ontology of rights. He reconstructs the traditional theory of rights by replacing "natural state" or "the original position" with "ideal speech situation" as a starting point to define basic rights, replacing "practical reason" with "communicative rationality" as intersubjective participants’ competence to construct basic rights and replacing moral principle with discourse principle as a basic principle to justify basic rights. Chapter 3 analyzes his axiology of law. Law with its legitimacy is a transformer between the system and lifeworld, it should protect private autonomy and public autonomy. Law also plays the role of integrating the society with pluralistical values. Discourse principle is the criterion of legitimacy of law.Chapter 3 through 6 investigate how Habermas’s discourse theory of law applies to legislation, adjudication and administration. Chapter 4 expounds Habermas’s discourse theory of democracy. Deliberative democracy confers legitimating force on the legislative process. Pragmatical discourse, ethical discourse, moral discourse and bargaining are four basic forms for legislation. Chapter 5 discusses Habermas’s theory of adjudication. He brings discourse theory into the judiciary field in order to make adjudication legitimate and reasonable. Chapter 6 discusses the relationship between discourse theory and administration. He reconstructs administrative power.He applies his discourse theory to the administrative domain and attempts to get the late capitalist welfare state out of predicament of administration.Although academical circles both home and abroad show different attitude towards Habermas’s legal philosophy, and although some of his viewpoints have a long distance from the reality, his endeavor to explore the future for modem rule of law is worth praising.lt is of great importance to investigate Habermas’s legal philosophy both in theory and practice.更多还原