【作者】 那艳玲；

【导师】 涂光备；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑技术科学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 随着城市地铁的大规模建设，地铁车站环境和地铁火灾成为研究人员越来越关心的课题。建立良好的地铁环境的目的不仅仅在于提供一个安全、舒适的乘车环境，而且对于节省能源，降低建设费用与运行费用都有实际的意义。正确的选择模型方程，合理的划分计算网格，对CFD数值模拟的结果有着重要的影响。本课题比较了现场测试结果与计算结果，分析了湍流模型的选择对整个地铁系统温度场、气流场的计算结果的影响，得到了双方程计算准确性优于零方程的结论。计算网格是由计算域内不连续的部分组成的，在每一个成分中，求解控制室内流动和热传递的方程。计算网格的划分对计算结果、计算时间以及计算收敛都将会有很大的影响。求解的时间和精确度直接取决于网格的质量，好的网格划分将会节省计算时间以及提高计算的准确性，本文对不同网格的计算结果与实测值进行了分析比较，得到了较为优化的网格划分。现场测试的目的是获取计算模拟所需要的边界条件（温度、速度等），验证湍流模型用于模拟站台通风的可行性。本文利用CFD方法模拟一个岛式站台冬季工况的温度场和气流场，在实验条件允许的情况下测得一些实验数据，将模拟结果与实验结果进行对比验证，证明了地铁车站计算机模拟的可靠性，并从中采集并确定了某些边界条件。并对列车进站过程进行了仿真模拟。不同城市的气候条件、室外温湿度差异很大，因此选用何种环控方案，应根据客观条件、工程造价、运行效果等方面综合分析。本文以南方的深圳，北方的天津和东北的沈阳为例，对这三个不同地区的夏季空调工况的气流场和温度场进行了模拟计算。对天津岛式和侧式车站的不同气流组织进行了方案优化，对沈阳空调通风方案进行了比较，提出了适合于天津和沈阳地铁车站的通风方式。通过CFD数值模拟对屏蔽门的经济性、轨底排风与顶部局部排风的作用进行了分析。本文针对地铁火灾发生的各种状况如有屏蔽门和无屏蔽门的站台、站厅及列车火灾的各种情况的温度场和气流场进行了CFD仿真模拟，并分析了火灾发生的位置及排烟量对地铁车站气流场和温度场的影响。盐水实验模拟研究方法属于小尺寸模拟试验。本文针对站台及列车着火两种情况进行了盐水实验，实验结果与模拟结果进行了比较。利用实体燃烧实验与模拟的结果分析比较，对CFD方法研究火灾的可靠性和适用性进行了近一步的验证。 本课题开发了一套专门用于地铁环控数值模拟的汉化专用软件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of subway in city, researchers pay more and more attention to the subway environment and subway fire. To build good subway environment means not only to provide a safe and comfortable environment but also to reduce energy consumption, construction costs and operation costs.To select model equation properly and compartmentalize calculating mesh rationally is very important to the results of CFD numerical simulation. This paper compares the results of field tests and simulation, analyses the effects of turbulence model on temperature field and air distribution in subway system and draw the conclusion that the calculating results of two-equation are more accurate than those of zero equation. Calculating meshes are made up of many incontinuous parts in calculating district. In every part calculate the equation of airflow and heat transfer. The determination of calculating meshes has huge effects on calculating results, time consumption and conservation results. This paper gives the optimizing meshes.The purpose of field tests is to obtain the boundary condition and verify the feasibility of using turbulence model to simulate platform ventilation, which are the two important conditions of simulating ventilation scheme. This paper use CFD method to simulate temperature field and air distribution of an island platform in winter condition, and measure some experiment data under permit condition to compare with the results of simulation in order to prove the reliability of computer simulation and select some boundary conditions.Which environment control scheme should be selected depends on objective condition, construction cost, operation effect, etc. for the large difference of climatic conditions and temperature and humidity. This paper calculates the temperature field and air distribution of Shenzhen (south), Tianjin (north) and Shenyang (northeast) under summer condition. Optimizes the air distribution of island and side subway platform of Tianjin, compares air conditioning scheme and ventilation scheme of Shenzhen, and gives the suitable ventilation scheme. Analyses the economical efficiency of shield gate, the action of exhaust air under railway and top part exhaust using CFD simulation.This paper analog simulates temperature field and air distribution of some fire conditions using CFD method and analyses the effect of fire location and exhaust smoke level on temperature field and air distribution. The method of saltwater experiment belongs to small size simulation experiment. This paper makes saltwater experiment of platform fire and train fire and compares the results with computer simulation results.To testifie the reliability and applicability, this paper analyses and compares results of CFD method and substantive fire.The thesis develops a set of software of the simulation on subway station in Chinese.更多还原