【作者】 雷国平；

【导师】 韩桐魁；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 黑龙江区域有我国最大的天然林区，又有辽阔的松嫩平原和三江平原。该区域有浩瀚的原始森林，广阔的大草原和肥沃的黑土地，长期以来作为国家重要的木材生产基地和著名的商品粮生产基地，为国家的经济建设做出重大贡献。该区域土地面积大，人均占有耕地和林地均居全国首位。1996年黑龙江人均耕地0.32hm~2，是全国人均耕地的2.9倍；人均林地面积0.56hm~2，是全国人均林地面积的3.4倍；森林覆盖率为46％，是全国森林覆盖率的3倍多。但由于该区域地处高寒地带，农业生产气候条件较差，农业投入不足，农田基础设施薄弱，在长期以粮食生产为目标的前提下，在国家政策引导和农民利益的驱动下，盲目毁林、毁草和破坏湿地进行开垦，经过建国后50年来的开发建设，整个土地利用环境发生了很大变化。特别是中国加入WTO以后，将对黑龙江区域的农业带来重大影响，在土地利用结构和方向上也必将进行重大调整。 本文从黑龙江区域土地利用演变的历史过程出发，通过重点分析1986～1996年土地利用结构的变化，找出土地利用结构变化与土地环境质量变化的相关关系，对土地利用趋势进行分析和预测。在土地利用自然环境分析与评价及土地生态质量变化分析与评价的基础上，找出土地利用变化的机制和原因，为科学制定土地利用开发决策及开发整治措施提供依据。 本文从黑龙江区域土地利用的时间变化和土地利用空间结构变化两个方面出发，在对影响土地利用的自然因素和社会经济因素分析的基础上，通过黑龙江区域农用地自然生产潜力地域变化趋势的研究及水质概况评价，提出了黑龙江区域土地利用开发和保护的总体战略。该项目的研究，为保证黑龙江区域总体经济发展目标实施，建成国家重要的商品粮和绿色食品生产基地，为实现黑龙江区域土地资源的可持续利用和社会经济的可持续发展提供重要的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Heilongjiang province, there is the biggest natural forest area in China, and there are vast Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.On people’s impression,it is in this region that there is vast primeval forest, wide prairie and fertile black field.As a famous productive base of log and commodity grain in China, Heilongjiang province has made a great contribution to our country. Land areas of this region is large, the areas per person of field and woodland are the biggest in the whole country. In 1996,the area per person of field is 0.32 ha, is the 2.9 times to whole country; the area per person of woodland is 0.56 ha, 3.4 times to whole country. Percentage of forest cover is 46%, over 3 times to the whole country. However, Heilongjiang province lies in the Frigid Zone, and agricultural climate condition is worse. The input in the agriculture is not enough,and basic field installation weakens. Because of all above, woodland, grassland and wetland have been developed to field under the final goal of foodstuff production for a long time,in the direction of country policy and on the drive of farmer’s profit. The land utilization environment has been changed greatly after development and construction for 50 years since P.R.China establishment. RRXhina will enter WTO, particularly, that will affect to Heilongjiang agriculture greatly, so the large adjustment will have been done in the land utilization composition and direction.On this essay, the course of changeable history of land utilization composition is set about, then, correlation analysis on changing to land utilization composition from 1986 to 1996 has been done, at the same time, analyses and forecasts of the land utilization trends has been finished. On the basic of analysis and evaluation on natural environment of land utilization and on quality changing of land ecology, this essay finds out the course and mechanism of land utilization and provides basis to designing scientific policy decision on land utilization and development on valid renovation measure.On the essay, duration changing and space composition varying on land utilization is set about, Then, on the basic of analysis on natural factors and social economic factors affected to land utilization, by which regional changing trend on potential productivity of field in Heilongjiang have been studied, and adoption to correlation analysis and dustering the general policy of the development and protection to land utilization of Heilongjiang province is provided. This project provides the important theoretical basis on realization of the execution for goal of generally economic development, on establishment one the important productive base of green foodstuff and food production, on utilization to land resources sustainable and development of social economics sustainable.更多还原