【作者】 金爱民；

【导师】 楼章华；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 吐哈盆地构造多期发育演化，多旋回沉降，是一个叠合挤压性的含油气沉积盆地。复杂的地质条件形成了盆地多类型的油气藏。随着吐哈盆地勘探程度的不断提高，特别是随着勘探开发资料的积累和对盆地演化规律认识的不断提高，进一步加强油气运移与成藏流体系统方面的研究就显得十分重要。 本文充分利用盆地构造、沉积、地层、有机质等演化历史的研究成果，应用“含油气沉积盆地流体历史与油气藏形成分析”、含油气流体动力系统、盆地流体化学与动力学等新理论、新方法，从演化和动态的角度，系统研究油气的生成、运移、聚集等成藏动力学过程；以及在成藏动力学过程中流体化学与动力学在地质体中的记录，分析、预测油气的运移、聚集规律。 并在综合分析吐哈盆地流体动力体系和含油气流体动力系统的基础上，重点针对台北凹陷侏罗系含油气流体动力系统的流体行为特征进行了分析研究，并结合盆地油气勘探结果来说明盆地流体史与油气运聚及分布之间的关系，得出以下一些规律： 1．台北凹陷包括胜北、丘东和小草湖三个流体动力体系，它们的侏罗系形成目前吐哈盆地的主力含油气流体动力系统。 2．随着地质体的演化，受多种地质因素的影响，台北凹陷侏罗系含油气流体动力系统的地下流体化学场在剖面上具有分带性，在平面上具有分区性。其中水动力环境的改变是主要控制因素。 3．台北凹陷侏罗系各储层油势及水头的变化趋势都是从各次凹中心向周边地区呈环状降低，在越流区(凹陷边缘或构造隆起区)形成相对低值区，并在总体上由山前推覆—凹陷带往南逐渐降低，构成了由北往南的区域性地下水动力场。而压力分布特征也基本类似，且以正常压力为主，仅在次凹内，特别是七克台组表现为高压。 4．台北凹陷地下水动力场模式属不对称型：凹陷北部边缘地区为大气水下渗形成的向心流；各次凹陷中心为压力系数、水头的相对高值区，发育离心流，且往南的离心流比往北的强；而在山前构造带、葡北—神泉构造带、丘陵构造带、温吉桑构造带、火焰山构造带、红南构造带、七克台构造带、疙瘩台构造带及其以南地区则为越流、越流—蒸发泄水区。 5．台北凹陷局部水动力单元大致可以划分为：(1)泥岩压榨水离心流，主要发育在胜北次凹、丘东次凹、小草湖次凹。(2)大气水下渗向心流，如火焰山构造带、北部边缘隆起剥蚀区。(3)越流—蒸发泄水，主要有：①环凹陷边缘的越流、越流—蒸发泄水区和②中央隆起背斜带越流泄水区如丘陵构造带、温吉桑构造带。 6.每个流体动力系统中油气的运移(特别是二次运移)和油气藏分布与相应流体动力场形成和演化紧密相关，油气在水动力作用下，通过各种通道(如砂层、断层、裂缝及不整合面)发生垂向和侧向运移，并在适合圈闭中形成油气藏。同时，由于古水文地质的旋回性导致同一流体动力体系内不同流体动力系统的油气一致阶段式运移，并形成一个以凹陷为单元阶梯式一环带状的油气分布规律。在具多凹陷的沉积盆地中，由于多个流体动力体系的存在，又导致复合阶梯式一环带状的油气聚集带。 因此，盆地地下流体分处于盆地不同流体动力体系的不同流体动力系统中。随着盆地演化，地下流体也随之演化，并在盆地不同空间位置表现为各异的局部流体动力特征，即形成油气聚集单元。其研究不仅对盆地已有资料可起到综合分析的效果，更可系统分析、预测盆地地下流体动力的形成和演化与油气运聚的关系，以便指导盆地进一步的勘探。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tuha basin, which evolvement of conformation is periods of time, is a extrusion petroleum basin. Complicated geological condition form models of oil-gas pool. Along with the continual elevation of prospecting, especially the increasing of cognition for basin evolvement and data getting, it is very important for enough study on petroleum migration-accumulation and fluid dynamic system.This dissertation makes use of all data which would be gained, such as tectonics, sedimentation and stratum, etc., using new theories and methods of fluid history and pool analysis for petroleum basin, petroleum hydrodynamic system, fluid chemistry, etc., considering dynamics and evolution, and systemic studies the dynamic process of petroleum creating, migration and accumulation, and analyzing the rules.At the same time, by integrative analyzing of petroleum fluid system in the Tuha basin, we research the fluid properties of the Jurassic petroleum hydrodynamic system in the Taibei depression.There are main conclusions and views as follow:1. There are three hydrodynamic systems in the Taibei depression: Shengbei, Qiudong and Xiaocaohu. And in which the Jurassic is main.2. With the basin evolution, affected by many geological factors, the ground fluid chemistry field is character of vertical zonation and planar division at the Jurassic hydrodynamic system in the Taibei depression, which is mainly controlled by hydrodynamics and the origin and evolution of ground water.3. In the Taibei depression, the dynamic property of the Jurassic stratum is typical, the inner is high, the outer is low, and is ringed. The press property is same as the potential, there are superpressure at Qiketai stratum.4. For the Taibei depression, the hydrodynamics in the Jurassic reservoir is characterized by asymmetry.5. Three local hydrodynamic units can be distinguished in the Taibei depression: (1)centrifugal flow caused by mudstone compaction at the depression area, such as the inner of Shengbei depression, Qiudong depression and Xiaocaohu depression; (2) gravity-induced centripetal flow recharged by meteoric water at the basin edge generally, for instance, the Huoyanshan area, the northern of depression; (3) discharged area by cross-formational flow, or cross-formational flow-evaporation.6. In every hydrodynamic system, the migration and distributing of petroleum is very correlated with the formation and evolution of the hydrodynamic field. For hydrodynamic force, the oil-gas would migrate at vertical and lateral, and accumulate at suit traps. At the same time, for hydrogeology gyrations, petroleum would periodicmigrate and ringed distribute.Therefore, ground fluid is at different hydrodynamic systems. Alonge with the basin evolution, the fluids are too, and present different hydrodynamic properties at different areas in basin. Its studies are very important for farther prospecting.更多还原