【作者】 林成功；

【导师】 吴德伦；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 岩土工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 台湾地区史上百年来最大的地震，导致了成千上万的人民死伤与无法衡量的天文数字的经济损失及工程毁损，这个浩劫就是921集集大地震所造成的。而台湾地狭人稠，平地面积非常稀少，山坡地面积却占了70％以上，许多山坡地的工程开发与利用相当的发达。不幸的是921集集大地震的发生，使得台湾中部山区的坡地产生了重大的破坏，因山崩所产生的崩毁面积达台湾本岛总面积的3％，因此对于地震时边坡稳定与滑坡分析便成为相当重要的一门应详加研究的工程课题。 滑坡于地震期间的动力行为的变化是受地震波特性、滑坡几何形状、材料性质及是否有弱面存在等因素的影响。过去研究滑坡受震行为常用的分析方法有拟静力法、块体分析法、及动力数值分析法；如今由于科学的进步，电子计算器功能的发达，这三种方法虽各有优缺点，唯能真正与实际坡地现场模拟应力应变行为的方法，非动力数值分析法莫属。本论文就是以作者实际参与的暨南大学对外联络道路滑坡的案例，从震前滑坡的设计到震后滑坡动力模拟、整治方案动力分析、滑坡动力的分析研究及最佳整治方案的寻找，做系列的以滑坡有限元素法配合动力分析，由滑坡受震后应力与应变行为变化中找出答案。兹将本论文研究工作的经过及其结论整理如下：详细评判现有的滑坡动力分析研究理论，指出动力数值分析法是最佳模拟应力应变行为的方法，并建立了滑坡动力分析模型及找出最佳整治方案，但或许仍有研究空间可达到更合理的状况。详细剖析滑坡实例的基本背景，包含921集集大地震的特性、滑坡地质特性、震前设计、震后调查、震后拟静力与动力分析、试验结果的整理及整治方案拟静力与动力分析。求出滑坡最佳整治方案，因而节省了新台币一亿二千万元，节省工期为原整治方案工期的一半，使滑坡的安全度提高，加速度由0.33g提高到0.58g，可再一次承受类似921一般大小震度的地震。滑坡最佳整治方案之所以能求出，是要经过原来的四个整治方案的动力分析结果，由应力应变行为中详细的比对，深入分析与探讨才能定案。研究分析的前置考量是非常重要的，如地震、地质、试验、失败记录等数据要达到四个要素即要丰富、要正确、要整理、要筛选，才会有合理的分析结果。滑坡拟静力分析结果虽得到安全系数在一定要求以上（如1.5以上），但并<WP=6>不代表如此就达到安全，需做滑坡动力分析，再将拟静力、动力的分析详加比对其分析结果，求出合理、合适的答案才算安全，即认证了Seed（1979）提出的同样看法。滑坡分析其相关周边条件及各种状况要研判考量周全及严谨，尤其重要事项不可遗漏，如滑坡中的弱面是非常重要的，稍有不慎，其结果差之千里。滑坡拟静力或动力分析过程中，所有的地质及其它相关参数选用或输入时，要经过严谨及专业的判断再使用。在整治方案中选用各项结构体加固或保护时，要注意结构体的材料、强度、形式与特性，并应特别注意将结构体布置在适当的位置，才能发挥既安全及最大的功效。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 921 Chi-Chi Earthquake is the largest one in Taiwanese history over the past century. It generates thousands of casualties and causes severe economics impact and devastating construction damages. Taiwan has a high population density and limited land base. Ground land is particularly limited and hill area occupies more than 70% of its geographic layout. Many engineering and construction development of the hill usages in Taiwan are thus advanced due to the natural resource constraint. Unfortunately, the 921 Chi-Chi Earthquake caused severe damage to the slope area in mid-Taiwan. The mountain and hill collapse reaches 3% of the entire Taiwanese area. Therefore, the stability and sliding analysis of slopes becomes an important subject for construction research topics. The changes of the dynamic behavior of slope are affected by the wave characteristics, the geometric properties of the slope, material property and whether there exists a complex stratum and topography. In the past study, the most commonly used methods include static simulation, Newmark mass analysis, and dynamic numerical analysis. They all have their advantages and weaknesses. As a result of technological advancement, the dynamic numerical analysis method can provide the best simulation. This dissertation is based on the author’s involvement with Chi-Nan University’s high slope. It studies the pre-quake design, dynamic simulation, static and dynamic analysis, slope dynamic analysis and the checks optimization. Below is the summary of findings: (1) Evaluate the current slope dynamic theories in detail. They indicate that dynamic numerical analysis is the best simulation method yet still allows enough research space to reach a more optimal conclusion. (2) Analyze the sloping case study in detail, including the characteristics of the 921 Chi-Chi Earthquake, slope geological characteristic, pre-quake design, post-quake investigation, post-quake static and dynamic analysis, compilation of test results and analysis of the whole static and dynamics analysis.(3) Derive the optimal proposal for the slope to reach a cost saving of NT120,000,000 and reduce the construction period by half of the original proposal. Also, the safety of the slope will improve and the withstand able acceleration will increase from 0.33g to 0.58g.(4) To derive the optimal case for the slope construction, it is necessary to investigate the results from the four restoration proposals. In addition, the comparative analysis of the dynamic analysis must be evaluated and discussed in depth to determine the final proposal. (5) The careful consideration prior to the research analysis, such as earthquake, geology, experiment design, previous records of failures are important. The data need to fit four criteria: abundance, accuracy, compilation, and selectivity to reach meaningful conclusion.(6) Although the safety factor needs to be a minimum of 1.5 from the slope static force analysis, it does not necessarily guarantee the safety standard. There is also a need to <WP=8>perform slope dynamic analysis and then compare the static and dynamic analysis results to reach a reasonable, appropriate answer. It supports the view of Seed’s proposal in 1979. (7) The corollary and all the peripheral conditions of the slope analysis need careful and comprehensive considerations. For example, the weak surface of the slope is critical and should not be ignored. If it is not understood and used properly, the results will be significantly off.(8) In the process of slope static force or dynamic analysis, all the geological and other related constants need to be selected thoroughly and professionally.(9) In compiling the restoration proposal, special attention needs to be given to the material, durability, form and characteristic of the construction body. Also the body should be carefully positioned to provide maximum safety and utility effect.更多还原