【作者】 徐晓望；

【导师】 郑学檬；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 经济史， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 环台湾海峡区域主要是指台湾岛及海峡西岸闽江流域与韩江流域之间的福建省与广东潮州区域。1500年前后(明代中叶)，在贡徭制崩溃、佃农经营权扩大、商业资本进入农业的背景下，当地的商品经济已有相当的发展，山区与沿海的长距离贸易发生，但因海路不通，国内市场与海外市场有限，明中叶闽潮商品经济的发展也是有限度的。从16世纪中叶开始，随着西方殖民者的东来，日本金银矿的开发，月港开放与闽潮商人独占对外贸易，使环台海区域的商品生产与商品流通都有很大发展。江南的丝绸、江西的瓷器从外省流入闽潮口岸，加上本地生产的白糖及仿冒的丝绸、瓷器，在闽潮商人的操作下，纷纷涌入海外市场。海外输入的白银又活跃了中国的市场，长距离贸易兴起，闽潮民众采伐与制造木材、香菰、笋干、荔枝、龙眼、兰靛、纸张、钢铁、红白糖、烟草等商品向国内市场输出，并从江南与广东、江西等地输入棉布、稻米、生丝等商品。商品流通使闽潮市场日益活跃，并向台湾扩张，形成环台湾海峡区域市场。商品流通也造成闽潮经济结构的变更，消费扩大、商人阶层发展、农民谋生方式多元化，以及地方经济结构市场化的趋势，使晚明环台海区域的城镇与墟市有很大发展，福州、泉州、漳州、建宁府城、南平、邵武、汀州、潮州等城市的城区都有较大的扩张，厦门湾与潮州平原出现了城镇群落，城市商业繁荣，农村的墟市数量有很大的增长。福建的城镇人口达到全部人口的19％。不过，从17世纪开始，闽潮商帮在海外日益受到殖民者的排挤与东道国的限制，迄至17世纪后期，这些限制已经发展到相当严重的地步。他们的利润率下降，有时出现亏本，海外流入的白银受到限制，环台海区域市场的发展日益依靠国内市场而不是海外市场。清朝统一南方后，海禁政策松动，环台海区域的对外贸易逐渐向江南与珠江流域转移，环台海区域在对外贸易领先的时代已经不再，而台海区域市场的发展，也逐渐落后于江南与广东。更多还原

【Abstract】 The region surrounding Taiwan Strait includes Taiwan Island, Fujian Province and Chaozhou of Guangdong Province. In about 1500 (the middle period of Ming Dynasty ) , the system of paying tribute and corvee was collapsed, the tenant’s managing right was extended and the commercial capital seeped into agriculture. Under the circumstances, the local commodity economy was fully-developed, and the long distance trade between mountainous areas and forelands occurred. But both the domestic and overseas markets were limited, and so was the development of commodity economy in Min-chao area, because the sea route was not straightway in the middle period of Ming Dynasty. From the middle period of 16th century, the production and circulation of commodity was greatly developed in the region surrounding Taiwan Strait since the western colonists came, with gold and silver mined in Japan, the Yue Harbor opened and Min-chao businessmen monopolizing foreign trade. The Jiangnan’s silk and Jiangxi Province’s china were inpoured to Min-chao ports and swarmed into overseas markets in succession with the white sugar , the copy of silk and china produced in the local areas. The importing of silver from abroad promoted Chinese markets, and long distance trade sprang up. All kinds of commodities such as timber, mushroom, dry bamboo shoot, Ittchi, longan, indigotin, paper, steel, red and white sugar and tobacco as well were exported to domestic markets. At the same time, cotton cloth, rice, raw silk and so on were input from Jiangnan, Guangdong, Jiangxi, etc. With the Min-chao market flourishing along with the circulation of goods, it was extended to Taiwan, and finally became the market of the region surrounding Taiwan Strait. The circulation of commodities also brought about the transformation of Min-chao economic structure. Along with the enlargement of consumption, development of businessman stratum, diversification of peasants’ way of making a living as well as the local economic structure becoming market , the towns and Xushi in the region surrounding Taiwan strait made great progress in the later period of Ming Dynasty. The sphere of the cities such as Fuzhou, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jianning, Nanping, Shaowu, Tingzhou, Chaozhou was quite expanded, and teeming towns emerged in the bay of Xiamen and on the plain of Chaozhou. The business was booming in the cities and the numbers of Xushi in the countrysides increased greatly. In Fujian, the population in towns was 19% of thewhole province. However, the Min-chao merchant guilds were elbowed out by colonists and restricted by host country gradually from 17th century, and the restriction was rather serious till the later period of 17th century. Their profit percentage declined; sometimes they even lost money in business. The importing of silver from abroad was restricted, so the development of the market of the region surrounding Taiwan Strait gradually depended on home markets but not overseas. Because the ban on maritime trade was rather released after Qing Dynasty unified the south, the foreign trade in the region surrounding Taiwan Strait gradually diverted to Jiangnan and the valley of Zhujiang. The region was no longer in the lead in the word of foreign trade and the development of the market in this region gradually dropped behind Jiangnan and Guangdong.更多还原