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水体环境及水生经济动物养殖生物学研究

Studies on the Biology of Water Environment and Culture of Aquatic Economic Animals

【作者】 刘国才

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 动物学, 2000, 博士

【摘要】 苏州河白鹤至浙江路段六个采样断面大型底栖动物隶属于环节动物门(Annelida)、软体动物门(Mollusca)及节肢动物门(Arthropoda)。其中寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)4种、蛭纲(Hirudinea)2种、腹足纲(Gastropoda)5种、双壳纲(Bivalvia)2种及昆虫纲摇蚊科幼虫(Chironomidae)(未定种)。随着底质污染的加重,群落结构趋于简化。种类少、高度耐污是存活大型底栖动物的显著特点。从白鹤至华槽断面,高度耐污的霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)数量趋于增加,并在华槽断面形成明显数量高峰;北新泾、武宁路河段底质污染严重,环节动物、软体动物消失;浙江路断面受黄浦江“逆流”影响,寡毛纲动物再度出现,并形成一定数量。底栖动物是河流生态系统生物群落的重要组成部分,在污染水域水质净化中具有重要作用;同时底栖动物又是反映水质状况的指示生物,其本身又具重要渔业价值。因此,开展河流生态系统底栖动物研究,可了解河流环境污染状况及资源潜力,对环境保护及渔业生产具有重要意义。苏州河大型底栖动物研究的背景资料极少,朱大白等(1988)在上海内河水系底栖动物调查中,就苏州河大型底栖动物进行的初步观察。有关苏州河大型底栖动物群落结构、数量动态的较系统工作尚未进行。为了解苏州河大型底栖动物现状,为苏州河污染生物治理工程提供依据,作者于1998年夏季对苏州河白鹤至浙江路区段的大型底栖动物进行了研究。1 材料与方法1.1 采样断面及采样点在苏州河上海市区段的上游至下游共设6个采样断面,分别是白鹤、黄渡、华槽、北新泾、武宁路和浙江路断面。每个采样断面又分别设3-6个采样点。1.2 研究方法用有机玻璃管底泥采样器采集各断面不同采样点泥样(0-200mm),经250μm金属筛筛洗,用4%甲醛对软体动物、70%酒精对环节动物、节肢动物双翅目幼虫固定保存。所采样品在实验室内进行分选、鉴定及计数。

【Abstract】 Macro-invertebrate from Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda and Nemathelminthes were found in six sections from Baihe to Zhejiang road in the Suzhou river, among which, four species were from Oligochaeta, two species from Hirudinea, five species from Gastropoda, two species from Bivalvia and several species from Insecta (unidentified). The community structure of macro-invertebrates became simple with the sediment pollution getting heavier. Limited species, high pollution resistibility were the characteristics of the species survival. The amounts of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri increased gradually from Baihe to Huacao section, and reached a peak in Huacao section; Species from Annelida, Mollusca were not found in Beixinjing and Wuninglu sections; Species from Oligochaeta were found and had certain numbers in Zhejiang road section as the result of the effect of counterflow of the Huangpu river.

【关键词】 苏州河大型底栖动物
【Key words】 Suzhou rivermacro-invertebrate
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