【作者】 金双根；

【导师】 朱文耀；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（上海天文台） ， 天体测量与天体力学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 板块构造运动,特别是岩石圈板块汇聚地带的构造运动——造山运动、地震 爆发和岛弧海沟的形成等，这些与人类生存环境息息相关。传统方法研究板块 构造运动主要是以地质时间尺度（几百万年）的地质资料，用地球物理方法研 究各种运动和它们相互关系，探索它们的演化过程和动力学机制，推测其运动 特征，然而大部分还停留在假设和推测的水平上。随着近二十多年空间大地测 量技术的迅猛发展，开辟了监测和研究地壳运动和全球构造动态变化新途径。 本文主要利用GPS资料（附加少量的VLBI和SLR资料），研究较短时间尺 度全球板块构造现今运动特征和区域性地壳形变。研究成果和内容具体包括： （1）系统归纳现代地壳运动研究方法从刚体领域转变为弹性体和流变体的 研究，并评述其研究进展；阐述了地质方法研究现代地壳运动的缺陷及其存在 问题，指出GPS技术在现代板块构造运动研究中扮演重要角色。 （2）研究和完善现今板块运动学模型。使板块台站形变向刚性板块运动逼 近，通过多次循环，从而唯一确定各板块的刚性台站，更好地确定高精度板块 运动模型ITRF2000VEL，并建立和评价与之自恰的几种绝对板块运动模型。 （3）深入研究亚洲台站相对亚洲板块运动及其亚洲各构造块体运动和形 变，并分析菲律宾、南美、太平洋、北美和澳大利亚等板块的运动和形变。 （4）系统分析了欧亚碰撞带大陆与大陆和大洋与大陆两种截然不同的岩石 圈挤压与俯冲对欧亚板块的影响及其边界地壳形变特征。 （5）首次给出了大西洋中脊现今实测扩张运动速度，且南大西洋中脊扩张 速度大于北大西洋中脊。与几百万年地质资料估算结果相比，南大西洋中脊在 减速扩张，北大西洋中脊在加速扩张。 （6）详细地分析全球构造板块相对运动，并揭示了南半球在减速膨胀，北 半球在收缩（但没有系统性地变化），且南北半球在周期性震荡等，反映了全球 构造运动具有非对称性。 （7）用连续观测的GPS时间序列资料详细地研究了全球板块的非线性运动， 在国际上首次给出了全球板块欧拉旋转运动的时变特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tectonic plate motions, especially at the convergent edge of the lithospheric plate, such as Building Mountain, earthquake eruption, island-arc and trough development, and so on, which are close related on the human inhabiting environment. In the past, the traditional method is with geophysical method to research motion and interrelation of tectonic plate, explore the evolution process and dynamics mechanism, and speculate the motion characteristics of tectonic plate with geological data spanning millions of years. However, most of these conclusions stay at the level of hypothesis and guess. With the rapid development of space geodetic techniques at recent 20 years, the new space geodetic data and new analytical techniques inaugurate the new route to monitor and study crustal motion and dynamicvariety of global tectonic plate In this paper we present the current characteristics of global tectonic plate in short time scale and crustal deformations of regions mainly based on GPS data（incorporating few data of VLBI and SLR）. Main conclusion and content of this paper is as follows: (1) The research methods of modern crustal motion from rigid body to elastic and fluid body are generalized systemically, and its progresses are reviewed; Furthermore, the insufficiencies and unsolved questions of geological method researching modern crustal motion are presented, and GPS techniques play an important role in the research of modern crustal motion. (2) The high accurate plate motion model of ITRF2000VEL is obtained with appropriate observation sites whose deformations close in upon the rigid motion of plate through circulations of many times, and then several absolute plate motion models are established and evaluated. (3) We lucubrated and analyzed in detail the deformation of sites relative to the Asia plate and the motion of tectonic blocks in Asia. In addition, the crustal motion and deformation of the Pacific, North America, Australia, South America and Philippine plate, are also analyzed. (4) The collision zones of Eurasia are very complicated due to the extrusion of continent lithospheres and the subduction between the oceanand continent lithospheres, and we analyze the mutual effects of different lithospheres and the crustal deformation features of collision zones (5) Firstly we give the present-day spreading velocity of the mid-Atlantic ridge. Comparing them predicted fromgeological data in millions of yearsdisplays the present-day motion characteristics of the mid-Atlantic ridge that the mid-ridge of the South Atlantic, whose spreading is slowing down, spreads faster than the North Atlantic, whose spreading is speeding up. (6) The relative motions of global plate tectonics are analyzed in detail with space geodetic and geological data. In addition, we find that the Southern Hemisphere is expanding and decelerating systematically, the Northern Hemisphere is compressing without a systematical change, and the whole Earth is periodically fluctuating, which show global plate tectonic motion is asymmetrical. (7) The non-linear motion of global plate is studied in detail using continuous GPS time series, and the temporalvariablefeature of plate Euler rotation motion is firstly presented internationally.更多还原