【作者】 哈婧；

【导师】 孙汉文；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 分析化学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 生命离不开环境元素，对环境元素的分析检测技术和生态行为研究具有极重要的意义。首次分别为氢化物发生原子吸收常规信号和导数信号建立了数学模型和动力学方程，提出了氢化物发生-导数原子吸收分析新技术，其检出限和灵敏度均显著优于氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法，并具有良好的精密度，成功应用于环境和生物样品中七种痕量元素的测定。建立了流动注射-蒸气发生-导数原子吸收光谱法测定粮食样品中痕量镉的新方法。建立了流动注射在线还原-氢化物发生-导数原子吸收光谱法及曲线转换法测定环境水体硒的形态分析新方法，并用于水样和土壤浸出液中硒的形态分析。 将建立的痕量分析技术和生态学相结合，研究土壤—作物—动物这个生物链中硒的生态行为。探讨了硒对植物生长的影响，发现不同价态的硒在低浓度对植物生长均有促进作用(如萝卜种子，Se⁴⁺浓度＜0.5μg ml^-1，洋葱种子S⁴⁺浓度＜5μgml^-1，但超过一定范围后又会产生毒害。不同的植物对硒的耐受力也不一样，在所讨论的植物中，蒜对环境硒的耐受能力和富集能力最强。硒还能缓解镉对植物的毒害作用。对土壤硒的研究中发现，不同的提取剂所提取的硒形态不同，其对植物生长的作用存在差异，以NaHCO₃提取态与植物含硒量相关性最好。在动物实验中发现，每日补充无机硒后可以提高血清中硒的含量，尤其能够改善肝损伤所引起的血清低硒水平的状况，为肝病的预防和临床用药提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lite is associated with environmental elements. The study of the trace analysis and the Eco-Bchavior of these elements play an important role. The mathematical model and kinetic formula of conventional and derivative signal for hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry were established for the first time. The method of hydride generation-derivative atomic absorption spectrometry was advanced, which provided improved sensitivity and detection limit and also good reproducibility. The proposed method was applied successfully to the analysis of seven trace elements in the environmental and biological system. The How injection-vapor generation-derivative atomic absorption spectrometry was proposed for the determination of cadmium in foodstuff. The flow injection-online reduction-hydride generation-derivative atomic absorption spectrometry and transformational curve speetrophotometry were proposed to realize the selenium speciation analysis in water and soil extraction samples.The Eco-Behavior of selenium in the biological chain of soil-plant-animal was studied by combining the trace analysis technique with ecology. Selenium in a narrow content range accelerates the growth of the plant (Se4+content<0.5ug ml-1 for radish, and Se4+content<0.5ug ml-1 for onion ). but plants exhibit symptoms of injury when exposed to high concentrations of Se in their root medium. The damage threshold doses of different kind of plants differ greatly. Garlic could tolerate and accumulatemuch higher concentration of selenium than other plants involved in this study. And selenium can reduce the toxicity of cadmium to plants. Different regent was tested to extract different species of selenium from soil, the results show that the NaHCO3-Se is correlative well with the concentration of selenium intake by the plants, so the NaHCO3-Se may be regarded as an index for appraising available selenium in soil. In animal studies, it is concluded that the selenium supplementation could improve the low serum selenium level of rats with liver disease, which may contribute to the prophylactic and clinic medicine research.更多还原