【作者】 任东；

【导师】 李镇宇； 洪友崇；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 我国东北辽宁省西部和内蒙古自治区东部具有丰富的化石资源。该区中生代陆相地层发育完好，是世界上中生代陆相地层研究的典型地区之一。该区大部分著名的陆生化石主要采自于中侏罗世的九龙山组和晚侏罗世的义县组地层中。在这些化石中，昆虫化石(如蛇蛉目和脉翅目)极为丰富，为研究昆虫的起源和早期演化提供了重要的证据。 蛇蛉目和脉翅目是一类原始的内生翅昆虫，它们绝大部分均是捕食性种类。作为捕食性天敌昆虫，它们在生物防治工作中具有重要的作用。蛇蛉目和脉翅目均是昆虫纲中的小目，全世界已知种数不超过5000种。 本文主要包括5个大部分。 第一部分：对辽宁省西部和内蒙古自治区东部的侏罗系陆相地层研究简史和地层划分进行了概括和总结。介绍了3个新的蛇蛉目和脉翅目化石采集地质剖面。 第二部分：简要回顾了我国蛇蛉目和脉翅目化石的研究历史。概括了蛇蛉目和脉翅目的生物学、成虫解剖特征和演化史。 第三部分：首次利用支序分类学方法，对现生和化石蛇蛉目的科级分类单元系统演化关系进行了研究。简要评述了脉翅目系统演化关系的研究现状。 第四部分：根据所采集的丰富昆虫化石，在中生代晚期陆相地层中识别出4个古昆虫群落，并对群落的物种丰富度、分异度和优势度等生物指标进行了分析。恢复了昆虫群落所代表的环境。昆虫群落反映的是一种温暖湿润的气候条件。化石产地代表的是一种浅水、近岸的湖泊地理环境。在化石产地的中生代地层划分中，首次对非海相生态地层学进行了研究。作出了生态地层柱状图。生态地层划分的结果显示了中生代晚期在辽宁省西部和内蒙古自治区东部地区具有代表性的盆地演变的一般模式。古地理分析表明本地区在中生代晚期温暖的气候条件下共经历了4次演化阶段。 第五部分：对辽宁省西部和内蒙古自治区东部的蛇蛉目和脉翅目化石进行了较全面的研究，报道蛇蛉目3科12属16种，其中7新属10新种；脉翅目13科43属56种，其中2新科，1新亚科，42新属56新种。绘制构造特征素描图92幅，化石图版21个，化石照片111张。共有6个科级单元在世界上是最低层位，5个科级单元化石在我国是首次发现，研究结果表明我国北方在中生代是昆虫的重要起源与演化中心之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Eastern Inner Mongolia and Western Liaoning are located in the northeast part of China. It has preserved comprehensive deposits of long geological history, yielding abundant fossils. This area is one of the most typical areas in the world, with well-developed continental Mesozoic sediments. Most notable fossils from this area are from the terrestrial Jurassic especially in Jiulongshang Formation of Middle Jurassic and Yixian Formation of Late Jurassic, where abundant insect fossils such as snakeflies and lacewings and other insects have been discovered, providing important evidence for the study of the origin and early evolution of insects.The Raphidioptera and Neuroptera are one of the most archaic groups of endopterygote Neoptera.Many of them have been presumed to be predators. As predators, they are generally beneficial for biocontrol projects. Both Raphidioptera and Neuroptera are small orders, with a little more than 5000 described species all over the world.This dissertation consists of following five parts.In Part one, Jurassic stratigraphic division in Eastern Inner Mongolia and Western Liaoning has been done. Three geological sections which fossil Raphidioptera and Neuroptera collected from are introduced.In Part two, a brief researching history on Raphidioptera and Neuroptera are given. The biology, anatomy of adult, evolutionary history of fossil Raphidioptera and Neuroptera are reviewed.In Part three, the phylogeny of Raphidioptera is analyzed. The cladistic method was first used to study familial phylogeny of fossil and living snake-flies.In Part four, based on abundant insect fossils collected from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation 4 insect communities were recognized.The richness, diversity, dominance within these 4 communities were analyzed. Insect community and their environmental setting are reconstructed. A hypothetical structure of the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation lake ecosystem is given. They represent a humid and warm climatecondition. Results suggested that there might be a near-shore and shallow water lacustrine environment in fossil locality. The first non-marine ecostratigraphic research was made in dividing Late Mesozoic strata of Fengning, Hebei province. A description of ecostratigraphic section and one columnar section are given. Ecostratigraphic subdivision revealed a general pattern of basin evolution, which re-appears in many other sections of Northeast China. According to the paleobiogeographic analysis, the region underwent four evolutionary episodes during Late Mesozoic.In Part five, a comprehensive taxonomic work on Jurassic Raphidioptera and Neuroptera is presented.7 new genera and 10 new species within Raphidioptera and 42 new genera and 56 new species within 13 neuropteran families are reported and illustrated by 92 line drawings and 100 photos from this area.2 new families and 1 new subfamilies are newly proposed. Of the 16 families studied, 5 families are first recorded from China.6 families were oldest in geological history in the world. The results demonstrated that the East Asian, especially Northeast China, is one of the original places of snake-flies and lacewings.更多还原