【作者】 刘忠华；

【导师】 董源；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 阿月浑子是世界珍贵干果及木本油料树种，具有很高的经济价值。随着在我国的引种栽培，研究和确定阿月浑子在我国的适生区域已是发展我国阿月浑子生产的主要任务之一，这对避免阿月浑子在我国的盲目引种及为引种决策提供科学依据具有十分重要的现实意义。本文根据气候相似论、因素论及生态因子综合分析法等理论，在对阿月浑子在我国的气候生态适生区、土壤适生区进行分析的基础上，结合我们对阿月浑子生态生物学特性的研究情况，对阿月浑子在我国的适生区域进行规划，最后，对阿月浑子在我国的引种和发展提出建议。 依据模糊数学原理，选择影响阿月浑子生长发育的9个气候因子，采用海明距离及欧几里得距离相似优先比法，分别计算我国147个城市与阿月浑子中亚类群和地中海类群原产地综合气候条件的相似程度，结合我国阿月浑子引种栽培成功实例和经验，分划出阿月浑子中亚类群及地中海类群在我国的3类适宜气候生态引种栽培区。研究结果表明，加权区划的效果好于平权区划的效果。 依据灰色系统理论，创造性的采用灰色聚类分析法，选择土壤质地、碳酸钙含量及PH值3个土壤因子作为聚类指标，分析我国60个土壤区及3个土壤带中52种主要土壤类型对阿月浑子生长的适宜程度，根据灰色聚类的结果将52种土壤类型划分为最适宜、适宜、次适宜和不适宜4个等级。然后以土壤区内是否含有适宜阿月浑子栽培生长的土类、并且以土壤类型适宜程度最高的等级为标准，来判断该区是否是阿月浑子的适宜栽培区，从而划分出阿月浑子在我国的3类适宜土壤引种栽培区。 采用观察比较的方法对8个引种点阿月浑子的生态生物学特性进行了研究，结果表明：(1)阿月浑子中亚类群在喀什的适应性最好，在其它引种点的适应性依次为：保定＞临汾＞甘谷＞昆明；(2)阿月浑子地中海类群在引种点涉县的适应性最好，在其它引种点的适应性依次为：甘谷＞保定＞临汾＞廊坊。(3)阿月浑子中亚类群的抗寒性好于地中海类群；(4)阿月浑子及其砧木的抗寒性顺序依次为：黄连木＞新疆阿月浑子＞Kerman＞大西洋黄连木＞UCB Ⅰ＞PG Ⅰ。 依据模糊数学原理，以及阿月浑子的气候生态适生区及土壤适生区的区划结果，采用计算加权海明距离的方法综合分析气候因素和土壤因素，并结合阿月浑子生态生物学特性的研究情况、阿月浑子在我国的引种实践以及对一些主要条件的考虑，分别区划了阿月浑子中亚类群及地中海类群在我国的适生区域，将我国广大地域划分为阿月浑子中亚类群及地中海类群栽培生长的最适宜区，适宜区，次适宜区及不适宜区。 根据所区划的阿月浑子在我国的适生区域，考虑我国引种的历史和现状，我国博士学位论文:阿月浑子在我国适生区域的研究现阶段可在喀什地区、华北平原、华北山区、西北黄土高原区发展阿月浑子中亚品种的生产，在上述这些地区中环境条件较好的地方可种植地中海品种;在西昌市、滇东高原、汉中盆地及鄂西山区的河谷丘陵地我们可发展地中海品种的生产;在东部亚热带区，在充分利用小地形、小气候的情况下，可以考虑引种栽培中亚品种和地中海品种。在引种栽培的同时，应注重育种及栽培技术的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) has great economic value as a precious nut and woody-oil plant. In order to develop pistachio in China, study and determining the suitable planting areas of pistachio in China is one of our main tasks. This will help us avoiding blind introduction and provide scientific basis for introduction decision. In this dissertation, according to Theory of tree introduction, such as Climatic analogies, Factors theory, Ecological factor analysis and so on, on the basis of analysis on suitable climatic -ecological areas and suitable soil areas of pistachio in China, combined with the results obtained from eco-biological research, the suitable planting regions of pistachio are demarcated. At last, suggestions of developing pistachio in China are given.On the basis of climatic data from 147 meteorological stations in China, 9 climatic factors that mainly effect on cultivation of pistachio are compared with these in original by the method of optimal ratio of fuzzy similarity. According to results and combining with practical introduction and cultivation experiments, 3 kind of suitable climatic and ecological regions of Central-Asia type and Mediterranean type of pistachio are demarcated respectively. The study also indicates that the result of weighted regionalization is better than the one of equal regionalization.Soil texture, soil PH value and calcium content in soil of 52 soil type that mainly distribute in 60 soil regions and 3 soil zones of China are compared with these in original by the method of grey gethering, According to result of grey gethering, 52 soil type are divided four grades which are most suitable, suitable, less suitable and not suitable for cultivation of pistachio. Then in the light of the grades of soil type that each soil region is composed of, 3 kind of suitable soil regions of pistachio are delimited.Eco-biological characteristics are studied in 8 introduced plantations by the method of observation and comparison, studies indicate that, (1) The adaptation of pistachio Central-Asia type in Kashi is the best, the adaptation in other plantations in proper order are Baoding, Linfen, Gangu and Kunming. (2) The adaptation of pistachio Mediterranean type in Shexian is the best, the other plantations in proper order are Gangu, Baoding Linfen and Langfang. (3) The hardiness of pistachio Central-Asia type is better than pistachio Mediterranean type. (4) The sequence of hardiness of pistachio and its rootstocks is as follows: P. chinensis > P. vera (Xinjiang) > Kerman > P. atlantica > UCB I > PG I .According to the regionalization results of suitable climatic - ecological regions and suitable soil regions of pistachio in China, climatic factor and soil factor are synthetically analysed by the method of calculating weighted Haiming distance. On the basis of the values of weighted Haiming distance, combined with the results obtained fromeco-biological research, practical introduction, cultivation experiments and taken some crucial conditions into consideration, the suitable planting regions of pistachio Central-Asia type and pistachio Mediterranean type in China are demarcated respectively. The extensive area of China is divided into most suitable, suitable, less suitable and not suitable planting regions for pistachio Central-Asia type and Mediterranean type cultivation.In the light of regionalization results of the suitable planting areas of pistachio in China, considered the introduction history and present situations, some proposals concerning pistachio development in China are given below. (1) We can develop pistachio Central-Asia type in Kashi region, north China upland plain and northwest loessal hilly region at present. (2) In Xichang city, easten Yunnan Highland, Hanzhong basin and west Hubei valley and hilly land, we can develop pistachio Mediterranean type. (3) we must pay attention to study on breeding and cultivated technology of pistachio.更多还原