【作者】 吴士良；

【导师】 宋扬； 姜福兴；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 采矿工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 论文采用相似材料实验、数值计算和现场实测等综合研究方法，对煤层开采后覆岩破坏的主要形式（离层、裂缝、贯穿裂隙、垮落）和过程进行了较为详细的分析。 用“以岩层运动为中心”的矿压理论作指导，根据采场矿压控制要求，考虑岩层破坏特征和向采场推进方向传递力的特性，将采动后对采场矿压显现有明显影响的，较大范围内的覆岩划分为“覆岩破坏三带”。覆岩破坏三带是指：采空区上方依次存在着由垮落岩层组成的垮落带（S₄）、断裂岩层组成的裂隙贯穿带（S₃）和以离层裂隙变形为主的离层裂隙带（S₂）。覆岩破坏三带处于动态发育过程中，具有相互转化和影响的内在联系。 根据覆岩破坏三带中裂隙贯穿带（S₃）演化及其对垮落带（S₄）和离层裂隙带（S₂）的影响特点，指出裂隙贯穿带是覆岩破坏三带中影响采场矿压显现的“关键覆岩破坏带”，并根据裂隙贯穿带的演化过程将覆岩破坏划分为四个阶段：即离层压合阶段、裂隙贯穿阶段、显著运动阶段和相对稳定阶段。得到了沿纵向和采场推进方向各阶段岩层破坏的范围，由覆岩破坏及运动特征决定的超前支承压力分布变化规律，阐明了裂隙贯穿带的显著运动将引发超前支承压力极大值的出现。 兖州矿区对综放开采条件下大范围内覆岩的破坏形式和范围进行的实测研究，较好的揭示和验证了本文关于“覆岩破坏三带”划分、演化征及其与支承压力分布关系的有关结论，为覆岩破坏三带结构模型在煤矿岩层控制实践中的应用提供了实践基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation has studied in detail the main forms of failured overburden including separation, crevice, penetrating crack and collapse, and the processes of overburden failuring above longwall working face in the coal mine by using the method of equivalent material model test, numerical analysis and test in situ.Guided by the theory of underground pressure dominated by the movement of overlying strata, considering the engineering demand of underground control and the gravity transmitting feature of failured overlying strata along the working advance, the dessertation puts forword originally "three failured strata zones "in which the movement of higher strata above working obviously influence the face ground pressure manifestation. In the three failured strata zones model, the failured overburden is divided as follow:collapsed zone (S4) - which consists of collapsed strata, penetrated-crack zone(S3),which is composed of broken strata without obvious displacement, the seperated-crack zone(S2) in which the cross crevice and speration between strata has already existed. All the three zones are always in the dynamic development state,they can affect and transfer inherent among them.Based on the internal evolution of penetrated-crack and its influence to the other two zones, the dissertation demonstrates firstly that the penetrated crack zone is the "key failured strata zone " of the three zones.Therefor the overburden failuring can be divided into four stages according to the development of penetrating-crack zone initially,which are seperation repressing stage, crack-penetrating stage,striking movement stage and relative stabilization stage. Further the failure limits of overburden for the four stages along the strata vertical section and the working advance direction , the fore-abutment pressure distribution owing to the movement of failured strata are studied. It is also show that the maximum abutment pressure occurs while the broken strata in the penetrating-crack zone, ie, the key failured strata zone, take movement obviously.The thesis differentiating "three failured strata zones" , the evolution and its distribution of abutment pressure manifestation are also shown and clasified by the test in situ of forms and range about higher failured overburden in fully mechanized sublevel caving in Yanzhou coal Mines.All these results give a good basis for the apply of thesis of "three failured zones " in practical control of the failured overburden.更多还原