【作者】 虞邦义；

【导师】 俞国青；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水力学及河流动力学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本文通过广泛调研、仪器研制、系列模型试验和相关的理论分析，在河工模型时间变态率控制、模型加糙、出入流检测方法和设备、水位流速测量新技术、模型自动测控系统等方面取得了下列成果： (1)应用工控组态软件技术，开发了一套大型河工模型自动测控系统，实现了模型内外边界的自动控制和基本水力参数的自动量测。 (2)采用真实的河工模型和入出流边界控制条件以及连续模拟的方法进行了有关时间变态率的系列试验，通过模型水位、比降、流速、出口流量过程线和断面挟沙力试验资料的分析，阐明了时间变态引起上述各种水力参数偏离的主要物理原因：模型的槽蓄响应和洪水过程时间变化率的响应滞后。分析表明，对于平原河道，动力项和阻力项偏离是主要的，惯性项的偏离对模型水流运动影响较小。并提出了河工模型设计中有关时间变态率控制的建议(在本模型条件下，m_t=2～3为宜)。 (3)通过系列水槽试验和相关理论分析，提出了十字片梅花加糙的有效水深和水力阻力系数计算公式。 (4)提出了数字量水堰和电磁流量计两种入流控制系统的数学模型，并对其动态性能、测控误差和适用范围进行了分析比较。 (5)研制出新型差动尾门及不同的组合型式，克服了翻板门尾水大幅度振荡问题，给出了差动式和翻板式尾水控制系统数学模型，并对它们的稳定性进行了理论分析。 (6)研制出AW远传振动针式水位仪，新型红外调制流速传感器等新仪器、新设备，实现了分布式流速的集中采集。 本文关于水力阻力和自动测控系统的成果均应用于实际工程水力模型研究，形成了有一定特色的体系。自动测控系统的原理和方法以及软件开发技术已应用到农水、水文等水利量测中。更多还原

【Abstract】 By means of wide investigation, instruments development, a series of model experiments and relative theory analysis, following results are obtained in river model time scale distortion ratio, model roughening, inflow and outflow controlling methods and equipment, new water level and velocity measuring technique, model automatic measuring and controlling system:(1) With the aid of configuration software, a large scale river model automatic measuring and controlling system is developed, realizing river model automatically controlling and basic hydraulic parameters automatically measuring.(2) A series of experiments on time scale distortion are made with real river model, inflow and outflow boundary condition, and continuous simulation. By means of analysis of the experimental data on model water level, water-surface gradient, cross velocity, outflow discharge process and the sediment transportation capacity, the main physical reasons for the above hydraulic parameters deviations caused by time scale distortion are illustrated: response delay of model channel storage capacity and rate of water level with time. For mild channel, it is shown that dynamic term and resistance term deviations caused by the distortion influence model water flow movement more seriously than inertia term do. It is suggested that the time distortion ratio should becontrolled in river model design(In this model, m1=2~3 is suitable).(3) Hydraulic resistance coefficient formulas are derived according to a great number of flume experiments and relative theory analysis.(4) Mathematic models are derived for digital weirs and electromagnetic flow meter inflow controlling systems. For which, dynamic characteristics, controlling errors, applicable limits are compared.(5) New type difference tail-gates and their combinations are developed, which can decrease tail water level oscillation in tipping tail-gate controlling system. Mathematic models are also obtained for the mentioned controlling systems, stability of which is analyzed.(6) New type water gauge and infrared modulated propeller type micro current meter are developed, and collective acquisition of distributed velocities is realized.The results of hydraulic resistance and automatic measuring and controlling system presented by this paper have been applied to practical engineering hydraulic model research, forming a characteristics system.更多还原