【作者】 王星光；

【导师】 李民；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 中国古代史， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 目前，与人类生存密切相关的环境问题越来越引起社会的关注，而生态环境的演化是一个十分漫长的渐进过程，需要进行长时段的考究。探寻和重塑史前及历史时期生态环境的原貌，研究其演化规律及其对人类社会的影响，无疑具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。然而，这方面的综合研究在我国虽有起步，但还较为薄弱。本文正是在充分利用历史学、历史地理学、考古学、环境考古学、生态学、环境学及环境变迁学等学科的资料和成果的基础上，对黄河中下游地区的生态环境变迁进行较为系统的探索，希冀探明生态环境条件在黄河中下游地区形成中国早期文明中心，并进而建立起夏——中国历史上第一代王朝过程中的实际影响。 本文在第一章论述了史前及夏代生态环境史研究的基本问题，强调拓宽学术视野、开展多学科综合研究的意义。为使人们对黄河中下游地区的环境变迁有一较系统完整的了解，在第二章勾勒出第四纪全新世以前——即从古生代、中生代到新生代第三纪时期生态环境变迁的轨迹，对第四纪更新世时期构成该地域生态环境根基的黄土堆积、黄河的形成以及古人类及其创造的旧石器文化加以述论。 进入新石器时代以后，大约从距今8500-3000年前，我国出现了气候适宜的“仰韶温暖期”，在这一长达约5500年的时期内，从新石器时代革命、粟作农业的起源和发展、文明中心地位的形成到夏王朝的崛起，黄河中下游地区成了中华早期文明演义的中心舞台。本文的第三章，在详细论述新石器时期生态环境面貌的同时，着重从粟作农业的起源及发展、大禹治水等方面，阐述了有利的生态环境在促成黄河中下游地区成为中华文明中心地位中的重要作用。 在第四章，对夏代的生态环境及其演化进行了较系统的探讨，在论述了《夏小正》为夏代中心地区历法的前提下，对其包涵的丰富生态环境内容进行了循名责实的探研。最后，对夏末旱灾肆虐、气候异常等开始恶化的生态环境加以考察，提出生态环境恶化是夏代覆灭的重要原因。 总之，本文首次较系统地对史前及夏代黄河中下游地区的生态环境变迁进行了探索，将仰韶温暖期的环境背景和黄河中下游地区史前文明中心的形成、早期的统一国家——夏王朝的兴亡有机地联系起来，进行了较深入具体的论述。对《夏小正》也提出有新的见解。力图重塑黄河中下游地区史前及夏代生态环境的面貌，丰富我国上古史的内容，并在早期文明与国家起源的研究方面尽到绵薄之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, matters about the environment, which correlate closely with the subsistence of human beings, arouse more and more social attention. However , the evolution of the ecological environment is quite a drawn out and gradual process, which needs to be observed and studied over a long time. That result of our exploration and modeling of the original appearance of the prehistoric and historical ecological environment its evolutionary rule and impact on human being society will undoubtedly help to realize the ideal of a harmonious development of human and nature. Nevertheless, although the synthetic research has begun in China, it is rather undeveloped. This dissertation makes the best of the information and progeny of history, such as historical geography, archaeology, environmental archaeology, ecology, systematically probes into the vicissitude of the ecological environment of the middle and lower reaches of th Yellow River, and aims to clarify the practical influence of the ecological environmental conditions on why the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region could become the center of the earliest civilization of China and the Xia Dynasty , which was the first dynasty in Chinese history .The first chapter of this dissertation discusses the basicresearch material on the ecological environmental history of the pre-history and the Xia Dynasty, emphasizes the significance of widening the scope of study and developing a mul-ti - disciplinary systematic approach. In order to let people systematically andintegrally understand the vicissitude of the ecological environment of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the second chapter traces the outline of the vicissitude of the ecological environment before the Holocene epoch of the Quaterary period from the Palaeozoic era and the Mesozoic era to the Tertiary period of the Cenozoic era, also discusses the accumulation of loess, which was the groundwork of the ecological environment of this zone in the Pleistocene e-poch of the Quaterary period, forming the Yellow River and hosting, the Palaeolithic cultures created by Homo sapiens.From the Neolithic age on, 8500 to 3000 years ago, "the Yangshao Warm Period" when climate became to get warmer began to appear in our country. During this period of about 5500 years, with the revolution of the Neolithic age, the origin and development of the millet agriculture, the forming of the civilized center position, and the rise of the Xia Dydnasty, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region became the center stage of Chinese earliest civilization. The third chapter particularly discusses the appearance of the ecological environment in the Neolithic age; expounds the importance of the favorable ecological environment on facilitating the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region becoming the center stage of Chinese civilization, according to the origin and development of the millet agriculture, Dayu’s water - control, etc.The fourth chapter considers systematically the ecological environment of the Xia Dynasty and its change. It not only demonstrate that Xia Xiao Zheng had been the calendar of the center region of the Xia Dynasty but also studies its content about the ecological environment. Lastly, from the research on the gradually deteriorating ecological environment, especially due to the extensive drought of the last year of the Xia Dynasty, climate abnormity, etc, the dissertation believes that the deteriorated ecological environment was the importantreason of the Xia Dynasty’ s destruction. In conclusion, this dissertation systematically probes for the first time into the prehistoric and the Xia Dynasty vicissitudes of the ecological environment of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and connects the environmental background of "the Yangshao warm period" with the formation of the prehistoric center of civilization in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region and the foundation and con-tabescence of the Xia Dynasty. It also ex更多还原