韩国政府统一政策史研究

【作者】 戴世双；

【导师】 金成镐；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 世界史， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 因独特的地缘战略地位，朝鲜半岛统一问题自产生以来就已超出韩朝当事人自主解决的范畴，成为国际社会的焦点问题之一。作为当事人的一方，韩国所采取的统一政策与方案因其直接影响着朝鲜半岛乃至亚太地区的和平与稳定而倍受关注。 本文以韩国政府的统一政策制定国内外背景、内容和执行状况为重点进行了论述，时间段为1948年8月15日大韩民国建立至2003年8月15日现任总统卢武铉的光复节贺词为止。 本文分为绪论、本论和结论三大部分，共九章。全文运用历史叙述和文献分析的方法，辅以国际关系、国际政治的相关理论与方法，按照政府更迭的时间顺序对统一政策进行了考察和分析。 全文以统一政策的发展演变为主线，对韩国不同时期统一政策出台的背景、缘由、实质进行了论述，并作出了评价。 绪论阐明了本课题的缘起、研究目的、研究对象、研究价值、意义以及研究方法等。 本论部分的第一章从历史和政治两个角度对朝鲜半岛分裂局面的形成过程进行了必要的考察，对分裂的外部及内部原因进行了历史的总结和归纳。美苏利益冲突导致的两极对峙格局是朝鲜半岛分裂的外部原因，朝鲜民族政治信仰上产生分歧以及内部各派别矛盾重重而没有形成强有力的、统一的领导核心是其未能建立统一国家的内部原因。 本论的主体部分(第二章至第九章)分八个时期对从李承晚到卢武铉时期大韩民国历届政府统一政策的历史沿革与发展演变进行了较为详尽的分析和评论。这一部分以影响韩国政府统一政策制定和执行的两大要素——国际政治环境和国内政治经济状况为主线，将大韩民国成立以来的韩国统一政策的发展过程，以执政首脑的先后为序划为五大阶段分别加以论述。 第一阶段：李承晚政府时期。论述了以冷战初期两大阵营尖锐对峙和韩国立足未稳为背景的李承晚政府推行的“自由选举”统一和“武力统一”的两面性统一政策，其实质是“武力统一”论。 第二阶段：张勉政府时期和朴正熙政府前期。论述了在美苏的对抗略为缓和的国际环境下和韩国政治经济状况弱于朝鲜的状况下，韩国政府推行了“先建设，后统一”的政策，其实质是追求以实力谋统一。 第三阶段：朴正熙政府的后期和全斗焕政府时期。论述了在美苏争霸互有攻守和韩国政治趋于稳定、经济逐渐赶上并超越朝鲜的情况下，韩国政府的“先和平，后统一”的形成与发展，这一阶段的统一政策归根结底是“胜共统一论”。 第四阶一段:卢泰愚政府和金泳三政府时期。阐述了在两极格局瓦解，冷战体制崩溃以及韩国政治民主化进程加快、实现权力和平移交的情况下产生的、以自由民主主义理念为基础的“韩民族共同体统一方案”的形成与发展。该政策强调用“渐进的、分阶段的”方法进行统一。其实质还是吸收统一的政策。 第五阶段:金大中政府与卢武铱执政至今。剖析了在相对不利的国际国内环境一「，韩国政府所制定的“阳光政策”与“和平繁荣政策”。“阳光政策”强调对朝和解合作，以此来缓和朝鲜半岛的紧张局势，“和平繁荣政策”是对“阳光政策”的继承与发展，最后对卢武铱政府统一政策的走向作出了展望。 结论部分从影响统一政策制定的共同的国际国内因素和历届政府统一政策的特征这两大方面对大韩民国建国以来的统一政策进行了总结。本文的最后特别强调了朝美关系现状和本次核危机的解决方式这两大要素对未来韩国政府统一政策的制定、演变和执行效果所起的重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the particular strategic place of Korea Peninsula, the unity has been a focal problem of international societies since its beginning, the solution of which is beyond their own abilities of North Korea and South Korea. As one party, South Korea made policies and schemes for unity, which has been absorbing much attention because of the direct effect on the peace and stabilization of the Korea Peninsula and the Asia Pacific region.The split and unity of Korea Peninsula is a problem lies in both nation inside and profound international background. The content of this subject mainly contains a whole set of Korean unity policies, international and external background. The division period: from the foundation of the Republic of Korea (August 15th, 1948) to the present President LuwuXuan "Recovery Congratulation Speech" (August 15th, 2003), 55 years in total.The thesis is divided into 3 sections - Introduction, Ontology and Conclusion, 9 Chapters in total. By the method of history narration and document analysis, helped with related theories of international political science, this thesis reviews and analysises the unity policies by turns of governments alternate.Around the unity policies’ evolution, the thesis expounds and evaluates the background, reasons, essences of Korean unity policies in different periods.Introduction clarifies the origin, the aim, the value, the object, the significance, the means and so on.Ontology Chapters 1st tries to study the split process of Peninsula from history and politics, summarize the reasons inside and outside historically. Polarization pattern caused by profit conflict between USA and the Soviet Union is the factor outside, while no strong unified leading force at the core is the one inside.Main body of Ontology (Chapter 2nd to Chapter 9th) is divided into 8 periods to comment the unity policies ’ evolution and development in successive Korean government from LichengWan to LuwuXuan. This part takes two factors, the international politics environment and circumstance of internal politics economy, which influenced Korean government on drawing up and executing unity policies, as main shaft. And the evolution of unitypolicies from the foundation of the Republic of Korea is expounded by turns of heads in power, divided into 5 stages:First stage, Period of LichengWan Government, expounds its double-faced unity policy "Elect free Unification" and "Armed Unification" , whose essence named "Armed Unification" , background as the two camps sharp confrontation early in the Cold War and Korea turbulent situation.Second stage, Period of ZhangMian and early in PiaozhengXi Government, expounds its policy "Construction first, Unity second " , in fact pursuing actual strength for unity, background as buffer confrontation between USA and the Soviet Union, the south showed weaker than the north.Third stage, Period of late in PiaozhengXi and QuandouHuan Government, expounds its policy "Peace first, Unity second " , which named "Surpass Communism Unity" indeed, background as the two hegemonist powers standing up to each other, the south steadily developing and soon catching up with, even transcending the north.Forth stage, Period of LutaiYu and JinyongSan Government, expounds its policy "Korean National Community Unity" , based on democratic liberalism, stressing on unifying "gradually, by stages " . Its nature showed "Absorb Unity" , background as the two camps collapsed, the Cold War ended and rapider politic democratization realized in Korea.Fifth stage, Period of JindaZhong and LuwuXuan Government (still to today), expounds its policy "Sunshine" and "Peace prosperity" in unfavorable comparatively environment, of which the first one stress on conciliatory and cooperated attitude with the north to relax the tension, while the latter is regarded as its inheritance.Conclusion summarizes the unity policies since the foundation from common internal and international factors, its successive characters. In the end, stresses especially on relation situati更多还原