【作者】 屈红军；

【导师】 李文厚；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 矿物学、岩石学、矿床学， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 世界上大多数含盐盆地同时也是含油气区，在含盐盆地的油气勘探中，人们发现盐岩与油气有千丝万缕的关系。对于盐岩的成因及盐源在不同盆地有不同的认识，并建立了各自的沉积模式，就是同一含盐沉积盆地或含盐沉积凹陷人们的认识依然分歧很大，关于盐岩在层序地层中的位置人们的认识依然不同，对这些问题的认识不清将极大的影响对人们含盐盆地的能源勘探开发水平，因此搞清盐岩的成因及其与油气聚集的关系具有重要意义。我国东部新生代渤海湾含油气盆地东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷古近系沙河街组发育有数套巨厚的盐韵律组，并蕴藏有大量的油气资源。以层序地层学与沉积学的基本理论和方法为指导，综合构造—地层分析、地球物理学、地球化学、盆地分析、含油气系统的理论和方法，通过钻、测井资料和地震资料的综合分析和详细解剖，对该洼陷盐岩的成因、盐源及其发育规律进行系统研究，并分析探讨该地区盐岩与油气聚集的关系，不仅具有实践价值，而且具有理论意义。 东濮凹陷位于渤海湾盆地临清坳陷西南端，东侧以兰聊断裂为界与鲁西隆起为邻，西侧以长垣断裂为界与内黄隆起相接，南以封丘北断层为界与与兰考凸起相邻，北以马陵断层为界与与莘县凹陷相望，是以古—中生界为基底，以新生界为盖层，古近纪形成的拉分走滑—裂谷型箕状断陷盆地。凹陷呈北北东向，南宽北窄，面积约5300km~2，在构造演化及沉积相带上具有明显的“南北分区、东西分带”的特征，控制凹陷内构造格局的北北东向和北西向两个断裂体系相互截切，将东濮凹陷自西向东分为西部斜坡带、西部洼陷带、中央隆起带、东部洼陷带和东部兰聊断阶陡坡带五个次级构造单元。 濮卫洼陷为东濮凹陷的一个次级洼陷，构造位置上处于东濮凹陷中央隆起带北部，夹持于濮城—陈营断裂系与卫东断裂系之间，为一负向次级构造单元，是东濮凹陷沙三段发育的主要生油洼陷之一，基底区域东倾，被多条反向断层复杂化，成为西高东低的箕状洼陷。根据控洼断裂带及局部构造的发育展布特征，濮卫洼陷自西向东可以被分为西部反向屋脊带、中央洼陷带和东部顺向断阶带三个更次级构造单元。 构造分析表明，濮卫洼陷东西两侧的濮城—陈营断裂带和卫东断裂带的作用过程控制了洼陷的发展演化。地震相干体分析结果显示这两个断裂带均是由一系列相互平行、近平行或雁列式排列的断裂组成，两断裂带在深层与浅层的发育有很大的不同。 根据东濮凹陷濮卫洼陷新生界层序地层的发育特征，建立了濮卫洼陷新生界层序地层格架，将濮卫洼陷新生界概括为一个盆地充填序列，包括古近系凹陷充填超层序组和新近系坳陷充填超层序组。古近系凹陷充填超层序组又可以分为三个超层序，分别是沙四段到沙三段萁状断陷超层序、沙二段到沙一段双断洼陷超层序和东营组收缩充填超层序。古近系箕状断陷超层序又可以划分为5个沉积层序，反映了5次明显的湖平面的变化旋回；古近系双断洼陷超层序又可以划分为3个三级沉积层序，反映了3次明显的湖平面的变化旋回。濮卫洼陷三级层序的发育特点为：低水位体系域发育厚度比较大，含盐层序低水位体系域发育期具高频四～六级湖平面变化，表现为盐岩、膏盐岩与泥页岩的中-薄互层；湖进体系域和高水位体系域一般发育比较薄；层序在洼陷内显示出东厚西薄的特点，反映了萁状断陷的特征。层序地层分析表明，含盐层系位于构造层序(超层序或超层序组)的水进体系域，盐韵律组和单个盐韵律位于三级层序或高频层序的低水位体系域。 濮卫洼陷主要储层段沙三中亚段沉积体系的研究表明，洼陷东侧的濮城断裂下降盘具明显的坡折带沉积特征，在低水位期以发育低水位三角洲沉积为主，水进及高水位期以发育湖底扇沉积为主；洼陷西侧以发育滨浅湖砂坝沉积为主；洼陷北侧以发育滨浅湖砂坝沉积和高位三角洲沉积为主；洼陷中央和南侧处于深洼之中，低水位期以发育浅水盐湖沉积为主，水进及高水位期以发育深湖—半深湖沉积为主，同时在水进体系域初期或高水位体系域晚期发东横凹陷簇卫洼陷含盐层系沉积层序与油气聚集规律屈红军育偶发性的湖底扇沉积。 淮城断裂的作用过程控制了洼陷内沙三中亚段地层厚度与岩性、岩相变化，卫东断裂对洼陷内盐岩、砂岩沉积分布也有一定的影响。淮卫洼陷沙三中亚段储集砂体的主要岩相组合类型是湖底扇的水下河道，其次是三角洲前缘水下分流河道、湖底扇的叶状体及滨浅湖砂坝沉积。砂体的时空展布受控于基准面旋回及可容空间的变化规律。由淮城同沉积断裂引起的断层下降盘的坡折带，是沉积物优先沉积的地带，因而洼陷东侧坡折带附近砂体分布较厚，向洼陷中央变薄，洼陷内砂体东厚西薄，坡折带砂体由北向南展布，不同砂层组砂体展布高值区多位于水下河道与坡折带的交汇处。 以层序地层学理论为指导，在浪卫洼陷沙河街组划分出七个盐韵律组，其中I级盐韵律组三个，自下而上分别是I沙三3盐、I沙三2盐、l沙一盐;11级盐韵律组四个，自下而上分别是11沙三4盐、11沙三l盐、11沙二上盐、11沙二顶盐.在洼陷内盐岩的展布具有西厚东薄，南厚北薄的特点，不同期的盐韵律组具有南北向来回迁移和逐渐东更多还原

【Abstract】 Most of the salt-bearing basins are also oil and gas bearing areas. In the exploration of oil and gas in salt-bearing basins, it has been found that there are some close relationships between salt and oil & gas. With regard to the causes of formation and sources of salt, people have different point of views in different basins, and different depositional models are set up, even in one same basin there are also divergent view to exist Different opinions still exist on the position of the salt bearing strata in sequence stratigraphy. It will greatly influence the exploration level of resources in salt-bearing basin if the above doublts can not be made clear. In this way, it will be of great significance to make it clear about the above issues and the relationships about salt and oil & gas. Several thick beds of salt rocks are developed in Shahejie Formation, Eocene in Puwei sag, Dongpu depression of oil and gas bearing Bohaiwan basin, and huge amount of oil and gas are accumulated there. It will be both practical value and theoretical significance to systematically research the causes of formation, sources of salt, and development regulations of the thick beds of salt rocks in Puwei sag, and to probe into the relationship about salt and oil and gas accumulations, under the direction of sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology theorys and metheds, conbined with the analyses of the colligation of structures and strata, geophysics, geochemistry, basin analysis, and oil and gas bearing systems theorys and methods, on the basis of the synthesis analyses and dissections of cores, logs and seismic data.With an area of 5300 km2, Dongpu depression is located in the southwest of Lin-qing depression, Bohaiwan basin, bounded with Lu-xi uplift by Lan-liao fault in the east, with Nei-huang uplift by Chang-yuan fault in the west, with Lan-kao heave by the north Feng-qiu fault in the south, with Xin country depression by Ma-ling fault in the north, while spreading along NNE defection, taking on the forms of being wide in the south, and narrow in the north. It is a rift fault depression basin with the characteristics of striking, with the basement being the Paleozoic and Mesozoic, and the capping beds being the Cenozoic. Tectonically controlled by the NNE and NW direction faults, it is divided into 5 subunit by the intercept of the NNE and NW direction faults, from west to east i. e. the west slope belt, the west sag belt, the central upheave, the east sag, the east Lan-liao fault steep stair belt Dongpu depression takes on the characteristics of being subarea northsouth, and being belt disparted westeast in the evolution of tectonics and forms of sedimentary facies.Tectonically located in the north of the central upheave of Dongpu depression, being one of the major oil-generating sag in Sha-3 member, Puwei sag is a subunit sag of Dongpu depression, which is clamped between Pucheng-chenyin and Wei-dong fault. With the basement dipping east, and being complicated by several reverse fault, Puwei sag is a dustpan-like sag. Based on the characteristics of faults which controlled the sag and other structures, Puwei sag can be divided into 3 hypo-subunit i. e. the west reverse fault ridge belt, the central sag belt the east orderly fault steep stair belt.Structure analysis indicates mat the tectonic evolution of Puwei sag is controlled by Pucheng-chenyin and Wei-dong fault. The seismic coherence cube makes it clear that the two faults are composed of a series of paralleling or approximately paralleling or wold goose line pattern fractures, with the deep and the shallow part of the two faults being much different.On the basis of the characteristics of sequence stratigraphy of the Cenozoic in Puwei sag, Dongpu depression, the sequence stratigraphic framework of the Cenozoic is set up, including two supersequence sets which is fault depression filling supersequence sets of the Eocene, and depression filling supersequence sets of the Tertiary. The fault depression filling supersequence sets of the Eocene can be divided into 3 supersequ更多还原