【作者】 李怀渊；

【导师】 章晔； 程业勋； 刘庆成；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 本课题选择穿透能力较强的土壤天然热释光测量方法、自然电位法和地气测量三种方法，研究其在隐伏砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用。为此回顾了这些方法的发展历史，分析了它们在砂岩型铀矿找矿中的应用现状，概述了方法的基本原理。对方法涉及的关键技术问题进行了较深入的研究。在土壤天然热释光测试方面，确定了取样层位，研究了取样密度变化对异常形态的影响。同时还研究了不同地球化学环境条件下土壤样品热释光发光曲线特征，发现不同环境条件下样品的发光特征存在差异，但没有影响总发光强度，这种差异反映了环境的变化，反映了不同环境下沉积物的不同。在自然电位测量方面，对仪器稳定性进行了试验，试验结果表明自制的测量装置稳定性良好。用电流场模拟铀矿形成的自然电场进行了正演计算，研究了球状矿体、水平板状矿体、倾斜板状矿体、卷状矿体等不同形态矿体产生的自然电位的特征，这些特征比较客观地反映了实际情况，为下一步自然电位的反演研究奠定了理论基础。在地气测量方面，通过试验选取了合理的吸附材料，模型实验结果说明了地气测量寻找砂岩型铀矿是可行的。在地球化学景观条件不同的新疆伊犁盆地扎吉斯坦(511矿)、库捷尔太(512矿)、吐哈十红滩矿点和二连盆地巴彦塔拉等地进行了1328个物理点的测量，对方法技术进行了一系列的研究工作，试验研究工作表明，土壤天然热释光测量方法能发现砂岩型铀矿上微量放射性元素迁移形成的微弱辐射场变化，自然电位测量能够指示地下氧化与还原环境的变化情况，地气中的铀、钼、钒在矿体上方有异常显示。通过室内和野外实测，结果表明土壤天然热释光异常曲线矿体边缘高值，矿体上方低值异常的曲线特征反映了铀矿化存在的可能；中间低值段越宽，起伏变化越小，矿化相对较好；低值段宽，但起伏变化相对较大，则矿体连续性变差；中间低值段狭窄，反映了矿化较差或没有矿化。自然电位陡梯度变化带反映了氧化还原过渡带的位置。铀、钼、钒的地气异常在矿体上方或矿体边缘位置有不同程度的显示。 最后归纳总结出了层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的综合物化探信息模式，即土壤天然热释光的低值；自然电位的陡梯度带；铀的地气高值异常信息基本反映了铀矿体的客观存在。 由于这些方法是首次在砂岩铀矿上进行应用研究，相关的方法技术还需完善，方法理论还需要结合实际进一步深入研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 This item has studied the applications of the measure of natural thermoluminescence of soil, natural voltage and geogas, whose penetrating power are better, in the exploration of leachable sandstone uranium deposit. It has reviewed the history, analyzed the situation of application in prospecting sandstone-type uranium deposit, and summarized the fundamental principles of these measure. It has studied the key technological problems of these methods more careful work-out. In natural thermoluminescence of soil respect, it has determined the stratgraphy of sampling, and proved anomaly shape has little change with the sampling density. The research shows that the radiation curves of thermoluminescence are different in different geochemical landscape. The direct problems of different shape of ore body have been did. In natural voltage respect, it has tested the stable property of the equipment, and showed the equipment of making by ourselves has good stable property. It has studied the theory of natural voltage measure. In geogas respect, reasonable absorbing substance has been selected through the testing. The effect of the model testing shows that it is impossible for us to prospect sandstone -type uranium deposit. These methods were used on 1328 measure spots in Zhajishitan (511), Kujieertai (512), Shihontan and Bayintala. The results show that thermoluminescent anomalies, whose two edges are higher and the middle is lower, indicate the uranium deposit, the rapidity step of natural voltage indicates the transitive section of oxidation-reduction. The geogas anomalies of U, Mo, V appear above the deposit or boundary of the deposit.It summarized the comprehensive geophysical and chemical prospecting information model of interlayer oxodatipn zone sandstone-type uranium deposit. That is, the thermoluminescent anomalies, whose two ends are higher and the middle is lower, the rapidity step of natural voltage and the geogas anomalies of U indicate the uranium deposit.It is the first time that these methods were used in the exploration of leachable sandstone uranium deposit so many aspects of these methods need to research farther.更多还原