【作者】 刘飞；

【导师】 王成彪； 孙宗颀；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地质工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 上海市地面沉降是伴随上海市经济发展而产生的一种环境地质问题，主要是由于开采地下水是引起的。作为国际商业大都市，上海市可持续发展的可能性是需要以上海的地质环境为基础的，因而，上海市地面沉降的发展状况将是影响和制约上海市经济发展的重要、甚至是根本因素。由于对上海地面沉降的一些前期研究成果，已成为我国其他地区研究和防治地面沉降的理论依据，因而，加强上海市地面沉降的研究，完善和提高现有的理论水平，将更有利于全国对地面沉降灾害的防治工作。 本文根据研究工作现存的一些问题，从以下几个方面进行研究： 1．考虑开采不同含水层对地面沉降的影响，提出深部含水层的开采比浅部含水层影响更大的新观点，认为开采深部含水层不能作为防治地面沉降的有效措施； 2．对上海地区的软粘土流变变形建立应力-应变本构模型，并利用数理统计原理对变形观测值进行回归分析，建立流变变形的回归方程，可以用于预测流变变形的发展； 3．研究地面沉降的发育特征，对上海市地面区域性沉降的原因进行分析，认为开采深层第四承压含水层是造成上海区域性沉降的原因； 4．根据地面沉降的特征，对上海市地面沉降进行灾害危险性评价，建立危险性分区体系，并对防治工程进行了评价，以便进行地面沉降灾害的防灾减灾工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ground settlement of Shanghai is a geological environmental problem caused by the economic development, mainly by the exploring the underground water. As a one of the biggest international commercial city, the possibility of the continuable development of Shanghai depends on a good geological environment, so the existence of the ground settlement in Shanghai will be an important factor, which affects and restricts its economic developments. Due to the previous achievements, which have been used as a standard for studying, preventing and curing ground settlement in other areas, enhancing the study on the ground settlement of Shanghai, consummating and improving the existing theory will be helpful to the prevention and cure of the ground settlement hazard all over our country.According to the current problems in this field, This paper will do some research on following aspects:1. Taking the factor of ground settlement for exploring different ground water-bearing layers into account, a new viewpoint, the deep water-bearing exploration affects the ground settlement much more than the shallow, is put forward, and think that exploring the deep water-bearing layer can not be used as an efficient method to prevent and cure ground settlement.2. Using mathematic and physical statistics and regression analysis of observed deformation data, stress-strain model for the rheological deformation of soft clay was established, and the regression equation for the rheological deformation was obtained. The model and regression equation can be used to predict the development of rheological deformation.3. Based on the characteristics of development of the ground settlement and the analysis of the regional settlement in Shanghai, the exploring 4th deep water-bearing layer is considered as the key factor causing the regional ground settlement in Shanghai.4. According to the characteristics of the ground settlement, the hazard caused by the ground settlement was evaluated, and partitioning system was established. Meanwhile, some preventing and curing projects were evaluated so that we can reduce the loss caused by ground settlement much lower.更多还原