【作者】 李永林；

【导师】 刘和甫； 梁慧社； 邱荣华；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 焉耆盆地位于新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州境内，是一个上叠在海西期南天山造山带之上的中新生代叠合盆地，面积1.3×10~4km~2。中生界为一残留盆地，残存的三叠—侏罗系为一套含煤岩系，其上被新生界的红色磨拉石沉积所覆盖。盆地自1993年9月开始规模性油气勘探，到2001年底，发现并探明了宝浪、本布图两个油田，累计含油面积26.3km~2，探明油气储量4172×10~4t(油当量)，建成原油生产能力23×10~4t，取得了比较显著的经济效益。论文总的指导思想是以现代石油地质理论为基础，以整体、动态、系统、综合分析为原则，以成盆—成烃—成藏研究为主线，运用正、反演相结合的残留盆地油气成藏系统评价思路，采用构造物理模拟、平衡剖面复原和多种测试新技术，从盆山耦合关系切入，研究含油气系统成藏要素及其相互作用过程，探讨油气成藏主控因素和油气分布的有序性，取得如下创新性成果和认识： 1、系统分析了焉耆盆地形成演化与天山构造带的关系，提出盆地南侧的库鲁克塔断隆在早古生代为一大型裂陷槽，之后随着天山构造带的演化，经历了多次开合运动。海西晚期运动之后，库鲁克塔格区经历了强烈的挤压，形成一个大型的“V”形冲断—褶皱构造带，焉耆盆地位于该“V”形冲断—褶皱构造带的北翼。因此库鲁克塔格裂陷槽的构造反转是焉耆盆地构造变形的主要力学来源。 2、描述了盆地内的构造样式。认为盆地内构造变形具有南北分带、东西分块的菱形格局特征，盆地以东西向的挤压冲断构造带为主，北西向构造带是一个与东西向挤压构造带伴生的构造变换带，主要在变形过程中起调节作用。主要的断层—褶皱组合样式有冲断推覆构造、叠瓦冲断层—断展褶皱组合、对冲断层—冲凹构造、背冲断层—冲起构造和正花状构造。盆地的变形具有基底卷入性、多期性、继承性、同生性、递减性、迁移性和变换调节性的特点。焉耆盆地前中生代基底硬块的形态及内部结构对中新生代盆地的形成及形变具有重要的控制作用，现今盆地的构造格局和重要的边界断层都与基底的结构有关。 3、首次进行了系统的平衡剖面反演和构造物理模拟正演，结合区域构造背景及盆地沉积层序演化，排除了侏罗纪为拉张盆地的假设，认为焉耆盆地属于天山复合造山带内的一个中新生代山间挤压盆地(再生前陆盆地)。根据构造变形及盆地沉积特征，论述了焉耆盆地中、新代构造演化的三个阶段，即早、中侏罗世弱挤压阶段、燕山晚期强烈挤压阶段和喜山期对冲构造发育阶段。 4、采用烃源岩生烃史、油气成熟度、流体包裹体、储层自生伊利石同位素年代学和圈闭演化史综合方法，确认焉耆盆地侏罗系油气藏具有三期成藏的特点，第一期发生在侏罗纪晚期，是盆地的主要成藏期，第二期为侏罗纪末至白垩纪的油气藏破坏、调整和再分配期，第三期发生在第三纪，是盆地的次要成藏期。在此基础上，提出侏罗系含油气系统经历了侏罗纪晚期形成阶段、白垩纪调整—破坏阶段和第三纪活化—再建阶段。 5、剖析了油气藏的圈闭成因类型和特征，建立了已知油气藏的成藏过程和成藏模式。总结了构造作用是控制油气聚集、保存与分布的关键性和决定性因素，从而造就了油气分布的有序性。构造变形的分带性决定了南北凹陷油气分布与富集的差异性；由砂体与断裂组成的优势运移通道 新疆焉着盆地构造演化与含油气系统研究是决定生烃中心油气向周围正向构造大量运聚的关键因素；位于生烃中心油气运移有利指向，中新生代继承性发展、后期（燕山晚期与喜山期）保存条件较好的构造带是油气富集的主要场所；油气分布层位受储盖组合与纵向油源断裂控制；背斜圈闭最有利于油气聚集保存，但也存在其它类型非背斜油气藏的形成条件。 6、根据焉着盆地燕山期和喜山期构造变形的强度和保存情况，以及油气成藏流体动力学特点，将焉着盆地林罗系含油气系统划分为四个成藏流体动力单元：改造一再生型、改造一保存型、改造一残存型和改造一破坏型。不同成藏单元的流体性质、温压特点，油气运移聚集模式与保存状况有所不同，决定了其油气勘探的潜力不同。其中改造一再生型成藏单元是最有利的勘探地区。更多还原

【Abstract】 Yanqi basin, with an area of 13000 squre kilometer, located in the Bayinguoleng Mongolia autonomy state in Xinjiang, is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic superposed basin superimposed in the Southern Tianshan Hercynian erogenic belts. Triassic-Jurassic sedimentary sequence was a reformed basin .which is a set of coal-bearing sequence overlay by Cenozoic red Molasse. From 1993 to 2001, Baolang and Benbutu oil field, with an oil-bearing area of 26.3 squre kilometer and proven reserves of 4172+104t, have been found. Oil production of 23+104t p.a. have been built in the basin. Under the guide of the modern petroleum theory, the dissertation adopts the thoughtfulness of the oil and gas evaluation of the reformed basin, and the methods of multidisciplinary analysis and comprehensive study. Beginning form relation of basin-mountain, the tectonic evolution and the petroleum system and pool-forming process have been studied with the integration of structural physics modeling, balance profile reversion and other new testing technology. The main innovative achievements of the dissertation can be summarized as following:1. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of Yanqi basin relationship to Tianshan orogenic belts, it was suggested that Kuluketage faulted-upheaval was an aulacogen in early Paleozoic, which undergone multiple opening-closing along with Tianshan orogenic belts, and suffered extensively compressing in late Hercyhian cycle and formed a "V-type" thrust-fold belt. Yanqi basin, located in the Northern wing of the "V-type" thrust-fold belt, is related to the reversion of the Kuluketage aulacogen.2. The tectonic framework in the basin presents the lozenge patterns which are consist of the W-E structural belts and NW-SE structural belts. The W-E structural belts are primary, and that the NW-SE structural belts are the transfer belts related to the former. There are five kinds of fault-fold assemblage styles which are respectively thrust-nappe structures, imbricate thrust-propagation folds, face to face thrusts, back to back thrusts and positive flower structures. The tectonic reformation exhibits the characteristics of the basement-involved, multi-phases, inheriting, syn-sedimentation, descending, shifting and transferring. The basement configuration controlled the reformation in the basin. The tectonic framework and border faults of the basin were related to the basement configuration.3. Based on the regional tectonic setting and sedimentary sequence evolution, the structural physics modeling and balance profile reversion are first carried out. Its results approve the Yanqi basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic compressive basin(revival foreland basin) in the Tianshan composite orogenic belts. The tectonic evolution in Mesozoic-Cenozoic can be divided into three stages: the weakly compressive stage in the early to middle Jurassic, intensively compressive stage in the late Yanshan cycle, and face to face compressive stage in the Himalaya cycle.4. Combined with the analysis of the hydrocarbon-generation history, hydrocarbon maturity, fluid inclusions, authigenic illites isotopes chronology and trap forming history, it affirms thatJurassic reservoirs formed in three phases: the first in the late Jurassic, which was the primary pool- forming phase, the second in the telophase of Jurassic to Cretaceous, which was the adjusting-destroying phase, the third in Tertiary, which was the secondary phase. The evolution of the Jurassic petroleum system can be divided into three stages: the forming stage in the late Jurassic, the adjusting-destroying stages in Cretaceous, and the activating-reconstructing stage in Tertiary.5. The reservoir types and characteristics are studied. The pool-forming process and model are established. It suggested that the tectonic process is the pivotal and crucial element which controlled the pool-forming, preservation and hydrocarbon distributions, that is the regularity of hydrocarbon distributions. The belting of tectonic reformation determined the difference of the hydrocarbo更多还原