【作者】 郭彦如；

【导师】 徐怀大； 樊太亮； 刘全新； 赵政璋；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 以层序地层理论和含油气系统思想为指导，利用岩心、钻/测井、古生物以及地震资料，采用井约束下的地震资料反演技术、计算机技术、盆地模拟技术和各种分析实验手段等综合分析方法，针对查干凹陷勘探程度低的特点，提出了断陷盆地“以层序地层分析为基础、含油气系统为整体（系统）和二者紧密结合”以及定性与定量相结合，综合应用新理论、新技术和新方法的研究思路、技术路线和方法体系。该方法成功地应用于查干凹陷的凹陷评价中，提高了勘探目标的预测能力，获得了良好效果，为类似中小盆地的低勘探程度地区的勘探创出了一条新路。 通过层序地层学系统研究，建立了断陷盆地高精度层序地层格架分析方法。断陷盆地高精度层序地层格架建立的核心是用钻/测井和井约束条件下的高分辨率储层横向预测剖面等高分辨率资料进行具有勘探意义的二、三、四和五级层序的界面识别、层序划分和基准面变化分析，在此基础上标定常规地震剖面，进行区域层序地层分析，达到提高层序地层解释精度的目的。查干凹陷共划分出3个超层序，研究目的层下白垩统划分出8个层序，22个体系域，并进行了层序地层格架的层序沉积旋回特征、层序展布特点和层序成因分析，提出了断陷盆地层序的形成机制、层序地层分布模式与演化模式。 根据含油气系统的研究内容和目标，提出了低勘探程度的断陷盆地在层序地层格架中含油气系统研究的思路和方法。含油气系统定性研究和盆地模拟定量过程模拟及其相互关系研究解决了“七定”问题，即“定性”（静态地质要素的特征描述）、“定界”（油气分布边界）、“定时”（油气成藏形成时间）、“定向”（油气运移方向）、“定量”（油气运移聚集规模）、“定位”（油气聚集区）和“定带”（有利区带预测）问题。定性研究是解决“定性”和“定界”问题，基本思路和方法是从密集段分类和特征入手，研究烃源岩和盖层的分布与特征；从沉积体系、体系域特征和展布规律出发，分析储集体的分布与特征。定量研究是解决“定时”、“定向”、“定量”和“定位”问题，是对动态地质作用过程的模拟研究，利用盆地模拟系统模拟含油气系统的五史（埋藏史、成熟史、生烃史、排烃史和运聚史），并计算生烃潜力及聚集量，指出油气聚集的有利区。静动（静态地质要素与动态地质作用）四维关系研究是针对“定带”问题的研究，即在三维预测模式建立的基础上综合评价，优选有利勘探区带。 在密集段研究中首次提出了“有水湖盆密集段”和“无水盆地密集段”概念，并研究了密集段岩石矿物特征及地球物理特征，预测了密集段的分布。同时，对有水湖泊密集段进行了烃源岩地球化学特征和烃源对比研究，确立了凹陷的含油气系统；对无水盆地密集段进行了盖层封闭能力的研究，确定了含油气系统的区域性盖层及顶部范围。 以沉积体系、体系域研究为出发点，详细分析了查干凹陷下白垩统每个层序的体系域展布规律及沉积体系的层序模式，预测了有利储集体的分布，对其储集性能和成岩演化进行了分析和储层分类评价。 采用盆地模拟技术，研究了含油气系统的动态地质作用过程，揭示了查干凹陷下白垩统含油气系统的五史，用包裹体测温资料进行了验证，给出了凹陷含油气系统的油气资源规模、油气成藏机理与分布的主要目标区带。 综合静态地质要素和动态地质作用过程的研究成果，提出了断陷盆地层序地层框架中的四种含油气系统三维预测模式，评价了围绕下白垩统K₁b—K₁s（1）含油气系统的沉积储层、盖层、圈闭的四维时空配置关系，预测了5个复式油气聚集带，优选出4个有利区带，提出了三个勘探目标，并指出凹陷的有利条件、不利条件及勘探前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy and petroleum system using cores, lithologic log or well-logging, biostratigraphic and seismic data, adopting seismic inversion constrained to well data, digital analysis technology, basin modeling, test method and so on, and adopting an integrated study technology, aiming at lower exploration in Chagan Depression, this work put forward a new research thoughtfulness, technic flow and method system that is an integrated study by "looked upon sequence stratigraphy as a base, looked upon petroleum system as a integer ,combing with each other closely" and tie in qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and applied synthetically new theory, new technology and new method. The method has triumphantly applied in sag evaluation in Chagan Depression, and enhanced the forecast of exploration targets, and achieved favorable effect, and auspicated a new way of exploration for similar lower exploration mid-small basins.After have systematically studied sequence stratigraphy of Chagan Depression, a analysis method of high precision sequence stratigraphic framework in fault-depressed lacustrine basin. The core of the establishing framework is exploration-significant identify of sequence, division of 2,3,4,5 grades sequence and analysis of base-level based on lithologic log or well-logging, high-resolution seismic inversion constrained to well data. Then using the results of 2D seismic data, and interpret sequence to enhance the precision of interpretation. The sediment stratum in Chagan Depression is devised into tree supersedences. Among them, Lower Cretaceous can be devised into eight sequences and twenty-two system tracts which have been studied in characteristics of sedimentary cycle, distribution and genetic analysis. After this study, formed mechanism, distribution model and evolvement of sequence have been put forward.Depend on the contents and aims of petroleum system this paper put forward the study thought fulness and method of petroleum system based on the framework of sequence stratigraphy. The qualitative study and quantitative simulation has resolved the " seven analysis" that are qualitative analysis (characteristic analysis of static geologic elements), boundary analysis ( of oil and gas distribution ), time analysis (of pool -forming),direction analysis (of migration of oil and gas), quantitative analysis ( of migration and accumulation scale of oil and gas),location analysis ( of petroleum province ), and zone analysis ( of oil and gas accumulation). Qualitative study is about qualitative and boundary analysis .The basic analysis thought and method is to study the distribution and characteristics of source rock and caprock by analyzing the classification and characteristics of the condensed sections, and to research the distribution and characteristics of reservoir by analyzing the characteristics and distribution of the sedimentary systems and system tracts. Quantitative simulation is analyzing time, direction, quantitative and location which are belong to the study contents of dynamic geologic processes. The analysis is using basin modeling analysis to rebuildthe 5 histories of a petroleum system, such as geological, thermal, hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and accumulation histories, and to calculate hydrocarbon generation potential and resources ,and to point out favorable region of oil and gas accumulation. Establishment of 4D the relationship between the static geologic elements and dynamic geologic processes is a zone analysis in which we establish 3D prediction models, synthetically evaluate the petroleum system, and finally select favorable zones to explore.In the condensed sections analysis, the concept of water-bearing lacustrine basin condensed sections and non-water-bearing basin condensed sections are firstly put forward, and have been described their features of lithology, mineral and geophysics, and have been predicted their distribution. Meantime, this paper has studied the geochemical characters of source rocks, and contras更多还原