北朝灾害史研究

【作者】 高峰；

【导师】 蒋福亚；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 北朝在中国中古时代的承启前后作用使得北朝地位极为重要，本篇考察了北朝的灾荒情况，政府的荒政、民间的救灾抗灾状况及灾害对北朝社会的影响等问题。 根据灾害发生的状况，本文对北朝一百九十五年时间里灾害发生的纵向分布大致划分了几个时期，并就气象、农作物、地震、饥荒等灾害在北朝时期的发生情况划分了时期，根据灾害发生的频率，北朝灾害时段有多发期与少发期。北魏前期灾害记载十分少，本文认为其原因是北魏前期诸史官记载史事简略，不受重视的农业的相关灾害更很少能得以记录，到了魏收著书的时代，又经过了数次巨烈的社会动荡，遗落了许多，只有作为“灾祥”的标志及间接载于其它史料的灾害才有幸会被记载下来。 北朝政府的救灾防灾措施相对完备，而且有其与前朝不同的独特之处，对后来的隋唐有一定影响。北朝民间社会组织对于政府的相对独立性较强，故民间的备荒防灾、抗灾措施比较发达。成书于北齐时的《齐民要术》一书内也有大量的关于防灾备灾的内容。 就北朝时期灾害的思想方面，本文认为是有一个从天象运行学说占据了主流到灾害天谴说占据主流地位的变化的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Towards times bear the north function before and after openning make the north dynasty extremely important status in the middle ancient times such as China, Whether last the north page towards famine due to crop failures situation,and calamity vs. the north, in questions, such as influence, etc. of society.Whether it take place state according to calamity,this text vs. the north dynasty 195 year in distribution not vertical roughly several period of period such as division, And towards emergence situation period of dividing of period in the north on meteorological phenomena, crops, earthquake, famine calamity, And has described the characteristics of every periods. Calamity record little state very to will it be earlier stage Northern Wei Dynasty, this text think reason its will it be earlier stage Northern Wei Dynasty all official historian simple to record historical event, Seldom can can write down relevant calamity of agriculture that pay attention to , reach Wei charge era that write books, It pass strong turbulence not social not huge for several times,offer as a gift and last a lot of, only as sign and state from indirectly there aren’t other calamities of historical data when" calamity the auspicious".This text prepare against natural disasters and take precautions against natural calamities, combat a natural disaster measure and provide disaster relief on government and a folk one measure,etc. discussed north the relevant measure of period promptly also, Make, not folk to succour on the north dynasty storehouse, justice storehouse,etc. relevant problem been discussed. Also taking precautions against natural calamities and prepare against calamity content go on and study hi view of neat the people want skill". The north dynasty period thought of calamity, this text think have one occupy mainstream condemn and say and occupy major course of change of status from astronomical phenomena operation theory to calamity it.更多还原