地下岩体工程灾害隐患雷达探测与控制研究

【作者】 刘敦文；

【导师】 古德生； 徐国元；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 岩土工程， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 本文在全面检索、分析和评述国内外灾害科学研究已有成果和文献资料的基础上，系统研究了地下岩体工程灾害隐患雷达探测与控制理论及技术，并将研究成果成功应用于地下矿山、高速公路等部门的工程灾害隐患探测与防治工作之中。通过对雷达波在非均匀矿岩介质中传播与衰减规律、工程灾害隐患在探地雷达中成像特征与规律等理论和实验研究，作者首次明确提出了应用探地雷达技术探测地下金属矿山工程灾害隐患，并给出了其相应的理论依据。 针对当前我国探地雷达解释系统的不成熟、不完善的现状，论文提出探地雷达解释系统朝智能化发展的新思路，指出了采用传统标定的雷达波平均速率来计算介质层的探测厚度，会给探测结果带来较大的误差，给出了其误差大小计算公式，并得到现场试验结果验证。同时，研制了一种基于人工神经网络的探地雷达智能解释系统，且在Windows环境下，开发了一套与之配套的可视化自适应人工神经网络软件。 在工程灾害隐患雷达探测模拟实验技术方面，设计了一套研究空区中不同充填介质对雷达探测图像影响规律的实验模型，并首次分别以空气、水、砂、泥作为充填介质，进行模拟实验研究，获得了空区中的充填介质对其雷达探测图像影响规律。在工程灾害隐患雷达探测现场试验方面，研究出了一套适用于地下岩体工程灾害隐患探测的探地雷达实施技术与方法，获得了地下岩体工程灾害隐患存在与否对探地雷达图象显现特征之间的关系，及其雷达图象识别与处理、平面定位及产状判定的综合技术。 在地下岩体工程灾害隐患控制研究方面，详细研究了由采空区引发的老空区突水和采空区坍塌，以及巷道坍塌等地下岩体工程灾害的预测和防治技术及措施；运用模糊优选理论，结合专业知识，合理地选择隶属度与隶属函数，建立了地下岩体工程灾害隐患处理技术模糊优选模型，并将其应用到矿山采空区处理方案决策过程中，取得了良好的应用效果。 另外，作者还从系统论的角度，研究地下岩体工程灾害问题，认为地下岩体工程灾害是一个完整的系统，而对其进行探测、预测与防治过程，则是一项系统工程；并针对我国地下岩体工程灾害现状，率先提出了对于复杂多变的地下岩体工程灾害，应从深层诱灾因子的力学成因、灾害的定量判别机理、灾害显现的表征特性监测与控制开展三位一体的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on a systematic search, analysis and review of the existing achievements and document of disaster research in the world, the theories and technologies of exploration & control for the hidden damage that brought about the disasters in underground rock engineering, have been investigated by the numbers. Meanwhile, some of achievements have applied for exploring, preventing and controlling the hidden damage that brought about the disasters in the underground mines and freeways successfully in this article. A new method for exploring the hidden damage with the ground penetrating radar (GPR) in underground metal mines, has been first put forward demonstrably, and its theoretic foundations have been given with researching the laws of radar wave transmitting and attenuation in the lossy inhomogeneous medium, and the simulation experiments on the laws of radar wave transmitting and attenuation in the ore and rock medium.The author suggested that the interpretive system of GPR should been intelligentized because the error of result became more with average velocity of radar wave. Meanwhile, the formula of the calculate error has been given.A interpretive system of GPR for exploring the engineering hidden damage in underground rock engineering was established based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), at the same time, a visualized self-adaptive modified multiplayer feedforward & feedback BP Artificial Neural Network software relevant to it, was developed based on MATLAB language on the Microsoft Windows environment.In the aspects of experimental techniques, a suit of experiment models have been made, and f the law between the images of GPR and filled mediums in the space area has been gained by doing this experiment with filling different mediums such as air, water, sands and mud.In the aspects of technologies for exploring the hidden damage on site, the technology and method for exploring the engineering hidden damage that brought about the disasters with GPR, the influence on the character of GPR image with the engineering hidden damage in underground rock engineering, the integrated technology consisted of aptitude distinguish & disposal of GPR image and plane orientation & mode of occurrence determinant of the engineering hidden damage that brought about the disasters, have been researched.A suit of application techniques and means for GPR to exploring the engineering hidden damage in underground rock engineering were studied, and applied to probe the goaves, the fractured rock zone in mine laneway and the water crannies of wall rock in mine laneways or tunnels and so on.In the aspects of control technologies of the disasters, the forecast and control theories for the diversified disasters of underground rock engineering were discussed systematically, and its forecast means, calculation formulas and prevention and cure techniques & measures were analyzed. At the other hand, a fuzzy optimization model for optimizing the technical proposal to treat with the engineering hidden damage that brought about the disasters in underground rock engineering was constructed, and applied in a disposal decision-making for a goaf harnessing.Otherwise, some new ideas and ways for researching the disasters of underground rock engineering were brought forward based on the system theory. The author thought that all the disasters form a system in underground rock engineering, and the process for exploring, forecast and control is a systems engineering. According to the complex disasters in the underground rock engineering, the author pointed that the disaster research consisted of three parts: the mechanical cause of formation for the deep disaster gene, the quantitative distinguish mechanism of disaster, the exploration & control of the disaster characteristic.更多还原