组织人口生态理论及其相关管理问题研究

【作者】 林瑞基；

【导师】 马庆国；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 现代经济社会是由不同种类的组织构成的，其中以经济组织最为重要，它也是管理学研究的主要对象。这些组织分布在国民经济的各个行业中，每个组织通过生产经营为国民经济做出一份贡献。组织是国民经济的基本细胞，组织的全体共同创造了国民经济的增长。在国民经济的行业中，组织的数量(即组织人口)是庞大的，并且组织的存在被拟人化，组织以法人的形式而存在，通过与自然人口的类比，组织具有明显的人口特征、生命特征和生态特征。本文将从组织个体、组织群落和组织生态系统三个层面来研究分析组织的这些特征。 组织个体指构成组织人口的单个组织，是构成组织人口统计的基本数量单位。在这个层面上主要研究组织的人口和生命特征。研究的问题包括：(1)组织人口数量的统计调查和一般增长规律；(2)组织人口的增长模式，以及组织人口出生率、死亡率的决定；(3)组织寿命与寿命周期；(4)组织的生成理论与企业组织登记注册制度；(5)组织的发育理论；(6)组织的死亡理论，以及组织兼并、破产和市场退出现象；(7)组织人口数量与经济增长的关系。组织群落是形式相同或相关的组织个体聚居的小生境，当组织人口数量达到一定规模并在地域上聚居到一起就形成组织群落。组织群落在经济系统中普遍存在，例如硅谷和中关村，它在经济系统中有重要作用，对组织群落现象的研究是一个有意义的课题。组织生态系统层面上则涉及组织群落之间的相互关系、组织群落与环境的相互依存、环境对组织人口增长的制约以及组织人口的控制等问题。本文针对以上这些问题，分九章分别加以分析。 第1章概论，论述组织及其理论的演变和发展、组织人口理论、前人的研究成果与本研究的创新意义。第2章组织人口的统计研究，分别对国外和我国几类不同的组织人口的历史演变轨迹进行统计调查，认为组织人口的演变存在一般的规律性，并对这种规律性给出解释。第3章组织人口的增长模式，在提出组织人口生成率、死亡率、密度等概念的基础上，总结了组织人口增长的几种模型、模型中生成率和死亡率的确定，并以深圳工业企业组织人口的增长轨迹为例，对组织人口的增长曲线进行拟合。第4章组织人口的生命理论，总结论述了组织寿命、寿命周期和寿命周期模型，提出组织的生成理论、发育理论和死亡理论。在组织生成理论中，将组织生成与组织登记注册制度联系起来，并对企业生成的动因进行统计性的问卷调查实证研究。第5章组织登记注册现象，以企业组织为例研究登记注册制度对组织生成的影响，分析比较各国企业登记注册制度，指出我国企业登记注册制度中存在的问题，并提出相关的改革建议。第6章组织兼并和破产现象，从组织人口生态理论对组织兼并、破产和市场退出现象做出解释，对企业组织兼并的影响因素进行问卷调查实证分析；第7章组织人口与经济增长，论述组织分类、国民经济行业分类中各门类的组织人口数量及其对国民经济总量的贡献，总结组织人口与经济增长的相关性模型，利用统计数据和SPSS软件，对组织人口和经济增长的相关性进行检验，论证组织人口与经济增长存在显著的相关性，并对组织人口和经济增长的关系进行曲线拟合。第8章组织群落现象，从硅谷组织群落中得到启示，对组织群落的概念、形成原因、类型进行分析研究，指出我国经济系统中的不同组织群落，说明这些群落在经济发展中发挥作用。第9章组织人口生态系统与控制，论述组织生态系统的概念、生态系统中环境对组织人口的制约，特别对环境承载容量的概念进行了重点阐述；应用生态学中的微分方程模型、组织人口与经济总量的相关性模型建立起组织人口的控制模型，并对模型的稳定性进行讨论；最后阐述了组织人口控制的若干问题，认为组织人口控制的核心是对组织人口质量和死亡的控制。第10章给出本文研究的主要结论，并展望可以进一步研究的课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modern economic society is composed largely of different varieties of organizations,especially the economic organizations;they are the main objects of management studies. These organizations distribute in different regions of the national economy,and contribute to it. Organizations are cells of the national economy;they create economic growth as a whole. There are a huge number of organizations (organization population) involved in the national economy,they are legal persons or corporations,compared organizations with natural persons,we have found that organizations have population,life and ecological characteristics,this dissertation will study on these characteristics from three aspects:organization individual,organization community and organizational eco-system.Organization individual is a single organization from the demographic meaning,it is the basic numeric unit of organization population,from this aspect we study demographic and life characteristics of organizations. Areas of study includes:(1) statistical investigations of different kinds of organizations and the regularity of historical growth of organization population,(2) models for the growth of organization population and determinants of founding rate and mortality rate,(3) organization life and life cycle models,(4) founding theory of organizations and registration system of corporations,(5) theory of organization growth and health,(6) mortality theory of organizations,explanations to merger & acquisition,bankruptcy and market exit of organizations,(7) relations between organization population and economic growth. Organization community is a niche that consists of a relatively large number of organizations of the same or related kinds. Organization communities are widespread in economic system,for examples as Silicon Valley and Zhongguancun,they play important roles in the economic system,and it is meaningful to have a detailed study on the phenomenon of organization community. To the aspect of organizational eco-system,we deal with the relationship between and among organization communities,dependency between organization communities and its environment,limitations of environment to the growth of organization population,and the control of organization population. This dissertation is divided into nine chapters to study questions listed above.The first chapter is introduction,in this chapter,we discuss the evolution of organization concept and its theories,organization population theory,research works done by our predecessors,and the creative points of this dissertation. The second chapter is the statistical investigation of organization population,here,we describe historical trajectories of organization population using statistical data of several kinds of organization from other countries and our country,from this description,we find that growth of organization population has its regularity:organization population initially grow slowly from zero,increase very rapidly over a brief period,reach a peak,and then often decline moderately before stabilizing for some,usually extended period. This regularity is also explained in this chapter. The third chapter expands on models of the growth of organization population,these models includes Malthus model,logistic model,stochastic process model,populationfunction,etc. Some concepts like founding rate,mortality rate and density are discussed and determined,as an example,and we use the data of population of Shenzhen industrial organization to make some curve fits. The fourth chapter summarizes organization life theory,we discuss organization life,life cycle and its models,create theories of organization founding,organization growth,and organization mortality,in particular,relate organization founding theory with corporate registration system,and make an empirical study on motives of organization founding. In the fifth chapter,we discuss the impact of corporate registration system on organization founding,through comparing corporate registration systems from different countries,we point out exist更多还原