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打开学生自我建构之门

Open to Self-construction

【作者】 王海澜

【导师】 高文;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 课程与教学论, 2002, 博士

【副题名】关于研究性学习的研究

【摘要】 在国家政策的推动下,研究性学习已经在全国展开,但它作为一个新事物,在实践中遇到各种困难和问题,需要研究和解决;而关于研究性学习理论研究无论是在数量上或层次上,都显得相对滞后。本文把研究性学习作为从长计议的改革战略来研究,旨在分析研究性学习在我国的实践状况,讨论其理论前提和发展前景。本文所指的研究性学习是指学生在教师的指导下,围绕驱动性问题而进行的积极的、真实的、建构性的学习活动。 本文的核心问题是研究性学习何以能够超越以往的教育实践,促成学生的自我建构活动,从而发展学生的高级能力。作者认为这是具有战略意义的教育改革主题。为此,作者先是通过文献分析追踪了研究性学习的实践发生过程,分析了相关研究的状况,接着借助于多种调查方法了解研究性学习的实践状况,发现其中的经验和问题,然后通过考察当代相关理论的发展,探求研究性学习赖以立论的理论可能,接下去是通过理论与实践的结合,提出下一步研究性学习的实践方案。今后将继续进行的工作则是通过改革实验,来检验和继续完善这种方案和相应的理论观点。 本文的基本立论是要实现三个突破。第一个突破是实践突破,即超越灌输式的学习,促发学生的自主建构过程,完成知识的自我建构;超越简单的重复的技能训练,追求在开放的、真实的学习情境中,通过综合的复杂的活动,培养综合的高层次的能力;超越以兴趣为中心的活动课,借助于富有挑战的问题或项目,提高学生学习活动的层次和深度。第二个突破是理论突破,即一方面要超越以杜威为代表的设计教学法对知识核心的偏离,而要充分挖掘和利用当代学科知识资源,把握其基本结构,让学生掌握最重要的知识与技术,另一方面又要超越以布鲁纳为代表的学科结构理论的封闭性,把学生的探究活动引向真实、复杂的生活世界,让他们挑战未知世界。第三个突破是研究性学习模式设计本身的突破,即走出学生学习生活中灌输式学习与研究性学习二元分离的状态,既要以研究性学习的思想和策略来重构全部的学科,使所有科目都或多或少地带有“研究性”,尤其是那些重要的关键的知识,同时又要以研究性学习的方式改造所有科目的学习方式,从而全面贯彻严肃探究的学习方式,实现双基教学与研究性学习的融合。 具体地说,本文的基本框架是: 第一章是导论,说明研究研究性学习的理由,综述已有的研究文献,说明本研究所使用的主要研究方法。结果发现,我国对研究性学习的研究虽然速度快, 但起步晚,基础弱,层次不高,总体上尚未触及到教育改革实践的根本的和前沿 的层次。 第二章讨论研究性学习发生的背景,从研究性学习产生的国际背景、政策背 景以及实践基础三个方面探寻研究性学习的历史发展脉络,揭示其产生的历史必 。_戴性。结果表明,研究性学习的实践虽然为时已经冀荣,但有g峋实践动。。 因和政策背景,它正好切中了迟早都要解决的时代课题。 第三章分析研究性学习的实施现状。在我国,研究性学习首先发起于上海,J 而且上海研究性学习的开展较为普及,因此本文就以上海为例,首先分析专题研,究式研究性学习和学科渗透式研究性学习两种模式的运作状况,然后探讨研究性足 学习的发展去向。可以得出这样的结论:研究性学习虽然普遍展开,但存在着多 种困难与障碍,其中不仅有资源与条件的困难,更有以考试制度为核心的制度障 碍,教育实践者也存在观念与动机上的障碍,更为要紧的是,另辟一块“研究性 学习” 或“研究型课程”的实践策略,还是协调不了传统教学与研究性学习两_ 种学习方式之间的冲突。因此有必要继续探索新的更有效的实践模式。_ 第四章探讨研究性学习的理论问题,分析了研究性学习的理论前提及其理论- 主张。本章在分析知识论的重构、全脑研究的发现、建构主义学习观等相关理论_ 的基础上,提出:要转变学校的功能,把教育重心由掌握现成知识转向探究知识。 教师角色由为人师表转变为学习代理等。。 第五章提出了更有效地推进研究性学习的基本设想。基本设想是构建大研究 性学习体系,其核心内容是开发基于学科的研究型课程、设计合适的学习活动。 创设新型的学习情境等*八 第六章对本文的基本观点进行归纳,其中包括已经解决的问题、可能引起_;的误解、尚有待解决的问题以及未来的研究方向展望。

【Abstract】 That the research-based learning becomes this paper’ objective is based mainly on the following reasons:Firstly,the research-based learning is a new project in present. It requires us to make greater efforts altogether.Secondly,the concrete practice of research-based learning""demands the responding theoretical guide. Because of the governmental promotion,research-based learning has been practiced vigorously,but the theoretical research about it is relatively behind the practice. Although the articles being named research-based learning has mushroomed,the majority is the summary about the practical experiences,lack of the thorough exploration about the theoretical framework of research-based learning. A great number of the practices are becoming gradually superficial and formalistic due to lack of the advanced theories.Thirdly,theoretical research about the research-based learning must be intensified. Both the theoretical researchers and practical persons hold the same opinions that the "research-based learning" course and the discipline courses should be stood side by side,thus the curricular structure of high schools shows itself a dualistic pattern <> But The dualistic curricular structure creates a dilemma for the survival of research-based course,driving research-based course to face a danger of dying out 9The purpose of this paper is to focus on constructing macro research-based learning system,which the focus is on exploiting the discipline-based research-oriented courses and on its learning activities,at the same time .considering the present research-oriented course and its learning activities. The present research-oriented course is based its starting point on projectsN special topics and problem. Namely,materials for learning and research are organized around projects % special topics and problem and so on. Discipline-based research-oriented courses mean to organize core content in discipline into projects> special topics and problem in the presence of the existing discipline structure not being altered. Because starting point of this kind of courses is core contents of discipline rather than projects or problems,I call it as discipline-based research-oriented courses. Obviously,two kind forms of course have different starting point and train of thought. However,the students’learning activities has centered on the projects> special topics or problems.Base on forenamed different starting point,the author attempts to redefine research-based learning.The paper’s basic train of thought is:at first,to reveal the inevitability of:research-based learning through probeing into its developmental traits;afterwards,to analysis its current situation in purpose of showing its significance and its predicament.Around research-based learning’s predicament,the thesis tries to point out clearly a new road of promoting research-based learning. Following,the author analyses the relevant theories and its views.lastly,based on the new theory and new views,the paper elaborates the possibility and its basic frame of exploiting Discipline-based research-oriented courses.There are five chapters in this paper:The first chapter "introduction" mainly explains the reasons of researching research-based learning,and introduces the existing research literature and points out their basic features:clinging a dualistic pattern in curricular structure for high school. Further,this chapter brings forward the core problem,namely constructing research-based macro learning and curricular system.I.The second chapter "historical background of research-based leamin-gSrto reveal the inevitability of research-based learning.The third chapter " practical look-through about research-based learning" includes three parts:the implementation of the research-based learning and discipline-based research-based learning;correlative problems about developmental orientation of research-based learning.The fourth chapter "theoretic discourse about research-based learning" explores its theoretic premises and hypotheses,includ

  • 【分类号】G455
  • 【被引频次】10
  • 【下载频次】1920
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