【作者】 陈强；

【导师】 黄胜；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 本文首次提出并初步实践了中心制造船模式。总装化造船的思想、建立造船精益机构是贯穿本论文的主线，是中心制造船模式的内涵和出发点，其目标是实现精益化生产。精益机构的核心是船坞为中心的总装化机构。论文分析了造船技术的发展、信息化推动造船工业现代化的作用，以及向总装化造船方向发展的必然趋势。精益机构所形成的供应链，分内部和外部供应链。以价值链为先导，分析船舶制造系统的供应链，以船板为例说明供应链计划的形成过程，应用层次分析法来选择供应商，建立供应商数据库。 本文从一般制造系统的复杂性出发，研究船舶制造系统复杂程度。其有效途径为：提高信息量，减少系统的控制级，实施系统的有效控制和减少不必要的中间环节，提出了中心制造船模式，并与传统模式进行了比较。中心制造船模式不同于传统车间管理模式，根据专业特性和综合技术要求建立一种新的综合型生产组织方式。生产运作过程以计划为导向，各生产中心形成相对封闭的责任单元，完成按指令的阶段中间产品，实现质量、成本可控，最终达到企业利润最优的目标。系统的结构是关键，结构变化，则系统随之发生变化，直至质变，进而探讨中心制造船模式的系统结构，及运作机制。 产品导向型作业分解是中心制造船模式下的运作方式的基础，关系到设计、制造和整个管理环节。依据PWBS原理的基本概念和任务包的生产特征，论述在中心制造船模式下实现PWBS的途径。并在PWBS首次引入了相似度的概念，分析了相似度精确计算方法，指出在实际应用的前景。根据模糊聚类分析原理在分段作业类型特征分类上实现了分段的自动分类，是相似性理论的在造船中的具体应用。 中心制造船模式一个重要特征是以计划为导向，建立计划体系是实现系统有序和高效控制的关键。本文分析了船舶建造系统时限计划，以及柔性计划的概念和实现的途径。在中心制造船模式下长期计划、中期计划、月计划、周计划和日计划等建立的原则和方法。在研究船舶生产效率的基础上分析造 0 哈尔滨工程大学博土学位论文船工时，以及工时在各中心的分配问题；人力资源计划产生的基础是各中心．的劳动负荷状况，是一个柔性计划。 IHOP计划是中心制造船模式实现以计划为导向的重要组成部分。研究得出最优计划等都有NP或NPC难度，这给制定计划和优化计划带来很大困难，为此本文通过研究通常的遗传算法，提出改进方法；研究处理各生产中心约束条件极其简化方法，来解决IHOPS。在此基础上编程试算，结果表明该方法是可行的。 本文分析了以汽车为代表的大批量流水线生产的特征。船舶制造分段流水线与汽车等大批量生产有很大的区别，是按成组技术把作业特征相似的分段集中在一起制造。平面分段的类型可分为单壳和双壳两个基本类型。本文着重分析了平面分段流水线的工艺特征、关键技术和设备配置，进而分析单壳平面分段生产的组织结构，包括人员配置、系统控制、作业方式和影响流水线作业的因素，并且研究了流水线的节奏和节拍模型。分段离散制造，其实也是按照一定节奏来生产，生产特征是以一个个胎位来组织的。船坞是精 一益机构最重要的生产资源，本文在建立数学模型的基础上，提出了坞位排序 －模拟优化方法，并给出了实例来说明本方法的可行性。 本文最后论述中心制造船模式在外高桥造船的初步应用，造船基地的规划、设计和船厂运作管理都体现了“中心制造船”的思想。介绍了外高桥造船目前建设情况，初步建立的中心制造船模式，并展望了中心制造船模式在外高桥造船的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main clue of this article is the thought of general assembly and establishing Lean Structure,which is the intention and starting point of the Center Shipbuilding model with a goal of realizing Lean Production. The key of Lean structure is the integral structure with dry-docks as a core. By analyzing the effects of technology improvement,the article draws the conclusion that the development toward general erection is an inevitable tendency. The supply chain by which the lean structure links to the outside could be divided into inner supply chain and outer supply chain. The analysis of formation of supply chain with ship plate as an example and the research into how to select provider by level analyzing method and then establish provider database according to credit are also discussed in this article.The author researches in the complexity of shipbuilding starting from that of general manufacturing system. The effective channel is to raise information quantity,reduce control levels,implement an effective control and reduce unnecessary links. In this article,the concept of center production model and also the comparison with the traditional models are put forward. The center production model combines the advantages of specialization and comprehensiveness and differs from the traditional models as a totally new way of comprehensively production organizing method. In the working process,every production center is,guided by a general plan,a relatively independent unit of responsibility,which makes interim products according to a direction and realizes the control of quality and cots,all of which finally leads to the profits of the enterprise. The author discuses the characteristics of center production models and its operation mechanism,with the system structure as a key.The core of center model operation method is the products-guiding jobdisintegration,which covers design,manufacture and whole management links. Firstly,the concept of PWBS and the features of task packages,which are grouped according to similarity,are analyzed. In accordance with PWBS principle,the realizing channels of PWBS under center production is expounded. The concept of similarity degree is for the first time introduced into PWBS,for the purpose of analyzing the geometrical shape and production features of interim products. The author analyzed by example the accurate calculation method of similarity degree and the prospect of its practical application. The article also probes the automatical categorization of block job by using blur grouping analyzing theory,which is the similarity application in shipbuilding.One important feature of center production model is direction of plan. The establishment of a plan system is key to realize an orderly and high efficient control of the system. The article analyzes the frame time planning of shipbuilding system,introduces the concept of flexible plan,realizing channels,and also the establishing principle and methods of long-term planning,middle-term planning,center planning,monthly plan,weekly planning,and daily planning under center production model. The article analyzes work hours and its distribution to centers according to research into shipbuilding efficiency. Basing on the labor load condition in centers,human power scheduling is also a flexible.IHOP scheduling is an integral part in realization of center model with a plan as a guideline. For the reason that the optimum plan are all NP or NPC problems which are big obstacles to plan drawing and optimizing,the article puts forward an improved genetic algorithm to solve the problem of IHOP and discusses how to simplify them. The programming on such a basis to try calculation is feasible.The article gives out a calculating method by using a simulation random optimizing method and explains by a detailed example that it could solve the complex problem of optimum of dock place order combination. In the two typical production centers-flat panel and curved panel centers,production line anddispersed production method are adopted. P更多还原