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云南中西部地区晚第三纪孢粉植物群及其古植被和古气候研究

Palynology, Paleovegetation and Paleoclimate of Neogene Central-Western Yunnan, China

【作者】 徐景先

【导师】 李承森; 王宇飞; 杜乃秋; 王宪曾;

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院(植物研究所) , 植物学, 2002, 博士

【摘要】 晚第三纪是云南地区环境演变过程中的关键地质历史时段,本论文以晚第三纪晚中新世(吕合)、晚上新世(羊邑和龙陵)地层中的孢粉为研究对象,结合同层位大化石植物证据,参照现代植被,恢复了云南三个化石出产地区的古植被垂直分布景观,并定性地描述了古气候;同时运用共存分析方法(The Co-existence Approach)定量化地重建了三个地区的古气候参数值;初步推测了沉积地可能的古海拔。 吕合晚中新世孢粉植物群含52个孢粉类型,隶属38科,其中25个类型鉴定到属级。植物群中被子植物占73.1%,裸子植物占11.5%,蕨类植物占15.4%。 吕合孢粉植物群的组成反映该地区在沉积时期植被具有垂直分带特征,沉积地附近分布有常绿阔叶林,包括壳斗科的青冈属、栲属、石栎属和漆树科等植物,以及多种亚热带和温带阔叶成分;林中混生少量针叶树(如松属和杉科等);林内蕨类植物较少;距沉积地较远的海拔较高的地区分布由铁杉属、冷杉属、雪松属和云杉属组成的针阔混交林或针叶林。 吕合地区晚中新世的气候参数:年均温:13.3-20.9℃,最热月均温:22.5-27.5℃,最冷月均温:2.5-12.6℃,年较差:12.1-24.8℃,年降雨量:803.6-1254.7mm,最大月降雨量:179.4-281.9mm,最小月降雨量:10.2-18.5mm。 羊邑晚上新世孢粉植物群含52个孢粉类型,隶属32科,其中36个类型鉴定到属级。植物群中被子植物占61.5%,裸子植物占9.6%,蕨类植物占25.0%,藻类植物占3.9%。 羊邑孢粉植物群的组成反映在沉积时期该地区的植被具有明显垂直分带特征。湿性常绿阔叶林分布在沉积地附近,以壳斗科的石栎属、青冈属和栲属为主,混生漆树科、桃金娘科、蓼科、大戟科和金缕梅科的枫香属等植物,林内蕨类植物丰富;针阔叶混交林分布在距沉积地较远海拔较高的山地,主要包括松属,铁杉属,罗汉松属和一些阔叶植物类群;云杉林、冷杉林和铁杉林分布在更高海拔的地区。 根据植物群的组成推测羊邑沉积地的古海拔不高于2000m。 羊邑地区晚上新世的气候参数:年均温:13.3-20.9℃,最热月均温:22.527.soC,最冷月均温:1.9-12.6C,年较差:12.3-25.saC,年降雨量:797.5-1254.7n,最大月降雨量:门2.4-2犯.6n,最小月降雨量:7.2-12.7n。 龙陵晚上新世抱粉植物群含 86个抱粉类型,隶属 61科,其中 45个类型鉴定到属级。植物群中被于植物占 69刀%,裸子植物占 4石%,蔽类植物占 24.l%,藻类植物占2.3%。 龙陵抱粉植物群反映当时沉积地区的植被具有明显垂直分带特征。沉积地附近分布有湿润常绿阔叶林,以壳斗科的青冈属、拷属和石栋属为主,混生杜鹃花科、藤黄科、漆树科和无患子科等植物,林内藏类植物丰富;在距沉积地较远的高海拔的山地上分布有针阔混交林和针叶林,以松属、云杉属、冷杉属和铁杉属植物为主。 龙陵地区晚上新世的气候参数:年均温 18.6-22.IOC,最热月均温:22.8-27.5℃,最冷月均温:9.7-15.1℃,年较差:12.3-18.IC,年降雨量:815.8-1254.7mm,最大月降雨量:172.4-249.6llllll,最小月降雨量:9.8-11.3mm。 综合吕合、羊邑和龙陵抱粉植物群新研究资料和云南地区己有的第三纪抱粉学资料,云南地区晚第三纪时期抱粉植物群组成相对稳定,均己经反映常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林或针叶林垂直分布的植被景观,具有湿润的山地亚热带气候特点。与我国北方晚第三纪抱粉植物群相比,在对全球气候变化的响应上,云南地区晚第三纪抱粉植物群的变化不如北方显著;与我国南方其它地区晚第三纪抱粉植物群相比,虽然在对全球气候变化的响应均表现出不明显,但云南地区在植物区系组成上更为丰富。

【Abstract】 The Neogene is a key stage of terrestrial environmental evolution in Yunnan. Three stratigraphic sections including Luhe (Late Miocene), Yangyi and Longling (Late Pliocene) were selected to reconstruct vertical landscape of paleovegetation in these areas, based on palynological data. According to principle of the coexistence approach, seven quantitative paleoclimatic parameters of each deposit area were obtained by using meteorological data (1951-1980) of the distribution area of extant taxa found each palynoflora in China.Luhe palynoflora comprises of 52 palynomorphs belonging to 38 families. The percentage of angiosperms is 73.1%, gymnosperms 11.5%, pteridophytes 15.4%.Liihe palynological data indicate a vertical paleovegetational landscape: evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Cycobalanopsis and Anacardiaceae etc occurred on the slopes near the deposit site; mixed coniferous/broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest occurred on the area of high elevation, and main elements were Tsuga, Podocarpus, Pinus, Picea and Abies etc.Seven paleoclimatic parameters of Liihe area estimated includeMAT(13.3-20.9C), WMT(22.5-27.5C), CMT(2.5-12.6C), DT(12.1-24.8C), MAP(803.6-1254.7mm), MMaP( 179.4-281.9mm) and MMiP(10.2-l8.5mm).Yangyi palynoflora comprises of 52 palynomorphs belonging to 32 families. The percentage of angiosperms is 61.5%, gymnosperms 9.6%, pteridophytes 25.0%, algae 3.9%.Yangyi palynological data indicate a vertical paleovegetational landscape: humid evergreen broad-leaved forest occurred on the slopes near the deposit site, and main elements were Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Cycobalanopsis, mixed with Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Palygonaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Liquidambar, and abundant ferns grew in the forest; mixed coniferous/broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest distributed on the area of high elevation, dominated by Tsuga, Podocarpus, Pinus, Picea and Abies.Composition of the flora indicate the paleoelevation of diposit site was 2000m at most.Seven paleoclimatic parameters of Yangyi area estimated include MAT(13.3-20.9C), WMT(22.5-27.5C), CMT(1.9-12.6C), DT(12.3-25.8C), MAP(797.5-1254.7mm), MMaP(172.4-249.6mm) and MMiP(7.2-12.7mm).Longling palynoflora comprises of 86 palynomorphs belonging to 61 families, and consist of angiosperms (69.0%), gymnosperms (4.6%), pteridophytes (24.1%) and algae (2.3%).Longling palynological data indicate a vertical paleovegetational landscape: humid evergreen broad-leaved forest occurred on the slopes near the deposit site, and dominant elements were Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Cycobalanopsis, mixed with Ericaceae, Anacardiaceae and Sapindaceae etc, and abundant ferns grew in the forest; the mixed coniferous/broad-leaved forest and coniferous forest distributed on the areaof high elevation, dominant elements were Tsuga, Pinus, Picea and Abies.Seven paleoclimatic parameters of Longling area estimated include MAT(18.6-22.1C), WMT(22.5-27.5C), CMT(9.7-15.1C), DT(12.3-18.1C), MAP(815.8-1254.7), MMaP(172.4-249.6mm) and MMiP(9.8-l 1.3mm).Present palynological studies together with previous palynological data suggest a montane subtropical warm and humid climate during the Neogene period in Yunnan. The climatic fluctuations reflected by Neogene palynofloras of Yunnan were less intense than those of Northern China.

【关键词】 孢粉植物群古植被古气候中新世上新世云南省
【Key words】 PalynofloravegetationclimateMiocenePlioceneYunnan
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