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现代汉语定中“V双+N双”结构研究

A Study on the Structure of "V double syllables + N double syllables" in Contemporary Chinese

【作者】 李晋霞

【导师】 张国宪;

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 , 汉语言文字学, 2002, 博士

【摘要】 定中“V双+N双”结构是现代汉语动词直接做定语的常见表现形式。定中“V双+N双”结构有三个显著特点:第一,是一种非典型的句法结构;第二,是同形异构结构;第三,是句法与词法的中间站。这三个特点决定了定叫,“V双+N双”作为一种短语类型的特殊地位,同时也决定了对定中“V双+N双”作专门研究的价值。 定中“V双+N双”既是以结构主义为理论背景的词类与句法研究的热点问题,同时又是以功能与认知语法为理论背景的词类与句法研究的热点问题。有关定中“V双+N双”的研究成果很丰富,同时争论分歧也较多。 本文在理论背景上立足于功能与认知语法,在研究方法上立足于演绎考察,在研究平面上,立足于共时,兼顾历时,在研究的定位上,立足于本体,并尝试把本体研究的成果转化为对自然语言处理有帮助的应用规则。 全文八分八章。第一章考察典型性对定中“V双+N双”结构的影响,认为:动词、名词典型性由高到低的渐变序列与“V双+N双”结构类型由动宾到定中的认知序列成正相关。第二章考察结构义对定中“V双+N双”结构的制约,认为:定中“V双+N双”的结构义是“从动作角度对事物进行下位分类”,即:动作分类标准+事物。在这种结构义的制约下,名词概念义的具体程度与其构成定中“V双+N双”的能力成反比;动词在概念义上应具备“具体性”、“客观性”、“分类性”二个条件。在动名语义的相互选择中,名词对动词的语义制约占据更加主导的地位。第三章考察“V双+N双”的语义关系。就格关系“V双+N双”而言,名词的语义角色对“V双+N双”的结构类型有着较大的制约力量,具体表现为“施事>工具>方式>处所>原因>时间>目的>致使>结果>受事>对象”这一优先序列。该序列与“充当主语、宾语的语义角色优先序列”本质相通,同叫又有一定差异。第四章考察定中“V双+N双”结构的粘合式扩展。第五章考察制约“V双+N双”优先理解模式的因素及该结构的认知特征。认为:受语言本质的决定,语言内部因素是制约“V双+N双”优先理解模式的驱动因素,社会认知因素是制约“V双+N双”优先理解仪式的决定因素。第六章就共时与历时的有关现象进行了考察。第七章就与“V双+N双”有关的语法化现象进行了考察。第八章是面向计算机的“V双+N双”结构类型研究。 全文最后还有三个附录。附录一:唯定中动词;附录二:定中动宾两可动词;附录三:构成定中“V双+N双”的常见名词。

【Abstract】 V double syllables + N double syllables" is a common form representing a noun head modified by a verb. This pattern is characterized by (1) its non-typicality in syntactic structure, (2) Homogeneity in form but diversity in structure, and (3) middle position between syntax and lexicon. The three features determine the special status of "V double syllables + N double syllables" as a type of phrase and at the same time its value as a subject for special study." V double syllables + N double syllables" is a hot subject in lexical and syntactic studies both for scholars with structural linguistics and functionalism and cognitism background . However, both achievements and controvercies are abundant.The present paper is based upon functional and cognitive grammar with focus on the deductive, synchronic, ontological approach and tries to convert the results of the ontological studies into rules for natural language processing.The paper is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter examines the effects of typicality upon "V double syllables + N double syllables". Chapter 2 discusses the constraints of structural meaning on "V double syllables + N double syllables". Chapter 3 is devoted to discussion of inner semantic relationship of "V double syllables + N double syllables". In Chapter 4, we deal with cohesive expansion of "V double syllables + N double syllables" structure. Chapter 5 examines factors affecting preferred understanding model of "V double syllables + N double syllables" and its cognitive features. Chapter 6 approaches related phenomenon from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Chapter 7 focuses on grammaticalization in connection with "V double syllables + N double syllables". Chapters is a computer-oriented effort on typology of "V double syllables + N double syllables" on grammatical level.Attached to the paper are three appendice.

  • 【分类号】H146.3
  • 【被引频次】10
  • 【下载频次】1133
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