【作者】 于开平；

【导师】 张文彬；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 重选设备的研制一直是选矿界的一大学术难题，而细粒重选设备的研制更是难上加难。长期以来，人们认为重选难以有效回收微细粒级矿物，所采用的设备不仅效率低下而且笨重，于是对重选的前景发生了怀疑和动摇。随着世界各国对环境保护的日益重视，重选又重新获得了生命力，其能耗低、污染小、设备结构相对简单等优点得到了人们的重新认识。八十年代中期前后，国内外掀起了一股研究热潮，相继出现了一批新型的重选设备，如MGS、Knelson选矿机、转盘选矿机等，为重选的发展注入了新的活力。但是面对着资源的日益贫、细、杂以及长期以来堆积的数以亿吨计的老尾矿，这些设备都存在着其自身的局限性，难以有效地分选，因此开发适用于现代矿物特点的重选设备迫在眉睫。 本论文研究所依托的课题一国家“八五”科技攻关项目(“九五”执行)暨云南省“九五”科技攻关项目—“锡尾矿再利用的选矿新工艺和新设备研究”就是在这种背景下诞生的。要开发高效低耗的细粒重选设备，必须要充分掌握矿物颗粒在各种力场下的运动规律，然而重选理论的发展却严重滞后于重选设备的发展。本论文在参阅了前人大量理论研究的基础上，对现有的重选设备进行了系统的总结和分析，确立了开发适用于云锡老尾矿特点的新型流膜类细粒重选设备一旋振塔式选矿机的方向。 在旋振塔式选矿机的研制过程当中，论文作者在导师张文彬教授的指导与鼓励下，在课题组成员的密切配合与支持下，经过三年多的努力，将旋振塔式选矿机的研制从第一代发展到第二代直到目前的第三代。论文对前两代设备的研制进行了简要地介绍与评述，并对第三代设备的设计意图、方案以及主体设备的设计进行了详细地介绍。 第三代旋振塔式选矿机是一种全新的复合力场流膜类细粒重选设备，与其他的细粒重选设备相比，旋振塔式选矿机具有六大主要特点：①旋振塔式选矿机产生的是一个锥面铺展流，矿浆经过分矿器到达选别盘面时，其流膜慢慢成扇形铺展，逐渐变薄，流速也随着逐渐降低，因而对细粒级物料的分选十分有利。②旋振塔式选矿机不仅可以产生锥面流膜分布，而且它能在水平回旋振动的作用下，使盘面上每点都产生一个半径为3～6毫米的圆运动，大大地加强了颗粒之间的松散剪切，使富集比大大提高；同时锥形盘面作低速自转，在旋转过程中可以得 昆明理工大学博士学位论文 摘要到不同的产品。③本支承式旋振塔式选矿机采用机械运动的方式来强制选别盘面做高频振动，充分保证了选别盘面的水平剪切运动有效可靠，解决了悬挂结构造成的振幅、频率调整不便的问题。并且对其成功地实现了多层化，大大地提高了设备的处理能力。④旋振塔式选矿机的水平剪切运动采用了正弦双滑块机构来实现，解决了选别盘面上每点振动状态不完全一致的问题，而保证了整个盘面各点运动规律及状态完全一致，即做半径为偏心距大小的圆运动。⑤旋振塔式选矿机的选别盘面采用玻璃钢材料制成，而不同于传统的木质材料，大大地延长了选别面的使用寿命：同时，独特的选别盘面设计可以降低分选盘面的重量，减少了其在运动过程中惯性力的不利影响，保证了多层化对设备负荷的要求。③旋振塔式选矿机设计中采用了独特的偏心距调整结构，不仅可以调整设备的振幅，而且通过变频器控制电机的转速，分别实现了对高频振动系统、选别盘面低速自转系统的速度调节。从而保证了设备对多种物料的适应性和灵活性，为以后的产业化推广奠定了坚实的基础。 旋振塔式选矿机产生的是一个锥面流，它属于非均匀流的范畴，矿浆运动过程极为复杂，这方面的机理研究极少。尽管如此，在理论研究部分，作者以流膜理论和斜面流理论为基础，对所研制成功的第三代旋振塔式选矿机的锥面流的矿浆运动过程、单颗粒及颗粒群在锥面流膜中的运动规律以及旋振塔式选矿机的振动机理进行了初步的研究，揭示了矿物颗粒在锥面流复合力场下的运动特性，解释了旋振塔式选矿机分选矿物的规律。 在实践检验部分，论文采用第三代旋振塔式选矿机对三种不同性质的矿样进行了大量的试验，重点研究了该设备的多个结构参数对云锡老尾矿分选指标的影响，并确定了分选云锡卡房老尾矿试样最佳的工艺条件。同时指出旋振塔式选矿机可以分选多种重矿物，具有相当大的适应性。 论文最后得出结论，旋振塔式选矿机具备了分选锡尾矿的能力，对细粒和微细粒矿物的回收是有效的，达到了攻关合同的要求，是一种很有发展前景的新型重选设备。该创新性设备已经申请了发明专利。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of gravity equipment is one of the difficult problems in the academic sector of mineral processing all the time. And the development of gravity equipment for fine grain is more difficult and more difficult. Among the long time, people think that the gravity concentration method is difficult to recover the fine-grain mineral, and the gravity equipment is not only inefficiency, but also lumbersome. So the prospect of the gravity concentration is questioned and vacillated. With the emphasis on the environment protection of all the country in the world, the gravity concentration repossesses its life again and people recognize its merit such as low energy consumption, small environment pollution and the simple structure of gravity concentrator again. Before and after the middle of 1980s, it became the trend to research the gravity concentration home and abroad and a large batch of the gravity equipments were developed, such as MGS, Knelson concentrator and Disc concentrator. These equipments brought vigor to the gravity concentration. Faced with the poor-fine-mixed-difficult resource and the old tailings counted with the hundred million tons stacked for a long time, they are difficult to be separated efficiently with these equipment owing to their own limitations. So the development of gravity equipment applicable to the modern mineral is extremely urgent and near.Under this background, the issues of the new technology and new equipment of mineral processing for Yun Tin is birthed. It was one of the projects of eighth five-year of China and implemented in the ninth five-year. It was also a difficult technical project of Yunnan Province which would be surmounted during the ninth five-year. The research of this thesis originates from it. In order to develop high-efficiency and low-consumption gravity equipment for fine-grains, the motion law of the mineral grains in all kinds of the force field must be mastered. But the development of the gravity theory is lagged behind the gravity equipment seriously. After referring to a large amount of theory research of the formers and analyzing and summarizing the existing gravity equipment systematically, we determined the research direction to develop the Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator(MDGS), which is a kind of film gravity equipment for fine-grains and should be suited for the Yun Tin old tailings.During the course of the development of the Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator (MDGS), directed and encouraged by the supervisor professor Zhang wenbin, supported and cooperated intimately by the member of the issues group, the author has developed the Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator (MDGS) from the first generation tothe second generation and the third generation at present in the three years. In the thesis, the first and second generation Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator (MDGS) is introduced and criticized simply. The design intention and project of the third generation Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator (MDGS) and the main part of it are introduced in detail.The third generation Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator (MDGS) which runs in the compounding force field is a new film gravity equipment for fine-grains. Contrasted with other gravity equipment for fine-grains, six main features will be listed as follow: The film forming in the Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator (MDGS)is a kind of conical surface spreading film. When the pulp reaches the surface of disc through the pulp distributor, the pulp film spreads thinner and thinner with the sector and the flow rate of the pulp decreases little by little, so it benefit the separation of the fine-grain minerals greatly.Not only the conical surface film can form in the Multi-Disc Gyratory Separator(MDGS), but also a kind of round motion with the radius of 3-6 mm can form in every point of the disc under the horizontal gyration. It strengthen the loose degree and shearing between the particle greatly, so the enrichment ratio of the minerals is increased widely. On the other hand, the disc can rotate slowly, so different kinds of produ更多还原