【作者】 毛宁波；

【导师】 彭大钧； 胡文宝； 赵学平；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 如何有效地应用层序地层学理论和三维地震资料进行隐蔽油气藏预测是目前进行隐蔽油气藏勘探中最敏感的课题。其中隐蔽油气藏的地球物理检测一直是最热点和最困难的问题。本文利用三维地震资料、测井、岩芯、岩屑等资料，对黄骅坳陷歧口凹陷第三系进行层序地层学研究。划分了沉积层序，建立了各层序的沉积体系模式，指出了有利于隐蔽油气藏发育的相带，分析了隐蔽油气藏形成的主要因素。对第三系地层进行了地震岩石物理及其响应特征研究。通过大量实验室研究分析在地层条件下(高温、高压)砂岩的地球物理特征及其弹性模量随压力、温度、饱和度、流体性质的变化规律。建立了地球物理特征参数与温度、压力、孔隙度、埋深等的实验关系式，为隐蔽油气藏的研究提供了基础数据。实验结果及实践还证明在该区可以利用部分地震信息进行隐蔽油气藏的预测。综合地质、测井和钻井资料，依靠先进的地震特殊处理和解释新技术，包括高精度的层位标定技术、三维可视化解释技术、地震相干技术、属性分析技术、测井约束反演技术、时频分析技术、多参数油藏检测技术和神经网络预测等技术，对隐蔽油气藏目标进行识别、解释和成藏研究，最后指出工区内隐蔽油气藏的有利目标。 通过理论分析、实验研究和实际资料综合分析，取得了如下主要成果： (1)利用层序地层学学原理对歧口凹陷第三系地层进行了层序划分，识别出6个三级层序，并对每个层序体系域与沉积体系展布规律进行了研究。研究表明，黄骅坳陷构造运动的多期性形成多次水进水退，在沉积上产生了纵向的多旋回性和平面上的地层超覆与剥蚀以及不同类型砂体的变化，为隐蔽油气藏的形成提供了良好条件，盆地中区是隐蔽油气藏较为集中的分布区。湖盆水体多次扩展是隐蔽油气藏形成的内在因素；多处大型陆源碎屑体系为隐蔽油气藏的形成提供了广阔的储集空间；古隆起斜坡带控制隐蔽油气藏的分布。 (2)重点研究和开发了利用时频分析研究沉积旋回的方法和技术。首次提出在小波时频域内研究沉积旋回，它为层序地层学研究提供了一个强有力的工具。 (3)利用“油气藏地质与开发工程”国家重点实验室MTS岩石物性测试系统，首次对黄骅坳陷砂岩进行了高温高压下的纵、横波速度及动弹模量的测定，对黄骅坳陷砂岩的地震响应与油气关系进行了分析和总结。研究表明：岩石所处的温度压力条件的变化将导致纵横波速度、动弹参数和衰减的显著变化：孔隙流体性质(含水或油、气)及饱和度的变化将引起纵、横波速度、衰减的明显变化。建立了地球物理特征参数与温度、压力、孔隙度、埋深等的实验关系式。实验结果及实践还证明在该区可以利用部分地震信息进行隐蔽油气藏的预测。 (4)研究发现，黄骅坳陷浅层含油气砂岩的地震响应特征以“亮点”为特征。 (5)研究发现，当烃类聚集体被厚层泥岩覆盖，在其上方出现百米以上的低速气浸扩散晕的现象，它对地震波场的附加影响必会被记录下来，使对2500～4500米埋深含油气砂岩的地震检测成为可能。 (6)综合评价优选孔店北坡沙三段砂体，板北驴驹河斜坡带砂体、歧南西斜坡带构造一岩性圈闭为有利的隐蔽油气藏勘探目标。 本文得到的一些实验结论及实际成果，为隐蔽油气藏研究提供新方法和新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forecasting subtle trap by sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic data is a sensitive topic in hydrocarbon exploration. Search for subtle trap by geophysical data is the most popular and difficulty. In this paper, using sufficiently drilling data , log data-, core data and 3D seismic data ,stratum sequence Qikou Depression, Huanhua Sag is partitioned by using sequence stratigraphy theory. Each sediment sequence system mode is built. Sediment faces of subtle trap are pointed out. Dominating factors of forming subtle trap are analyzed. Sandstone seismic rock physics and its response are studied in Tertiary System. Sandstone geophysical response and elastic modul vary laws with pressure , temperature , saturation, liquid character in high pressure & high temperature are studied. Experimental relationships between geophysical characteristic parameter and pressure , temperature, porosity, depth are built. They are basic data for subtle trap study. Experimental result and practice shows it is possible using seismic information forecasting subtle trap. Integrated using geology % log, drilling data ,specia! seismic processing technique-, interpretation technique, including high precision horizon calibration technique, 3D seismic visualizing interpretation , seismic coherence analyze, attribute analyze, logging-constrained inversion, time frequency analyze , ANN forecasting technique , subtle trap object is identified and interpreted .Finally, advantage object of subtle trap in this area is determined. The importance results and achievements in this thesis are follow:(1) Stratum sequence Qikou Depression, Huanhua Basin is partitioned using sequence stratigraphy theory. 6 third class sequences are identified. Each sediment sequence system region and system distributing law is studied. Many times structure movements of Huanhua Basin result in many times water progradation and retrogradation. Cycle sediment in portrait and stratum lapout & denudation in plane and vary of different types sand body are resulted in sediment process. It provides better condition for subtle trap. Middle part of basin is centralized distributing area of subtle trap. Immanent factors forming subtle trap is many times spread of lake water body. Many large land-carriage clastic system provide large deposit space. Ancient heave slope band controls distributing of subtle trap.(2) Sedimentation cycle study method and technology using wavelet time frequency analysis theory is mostly studied and exploited. Theory model and practical test all indicate that sedimentation cycle study in wavelet time frequency domain is feasible .A power tool is provided to sequence stratigraphy application for oil & gas exploration and exploitation.(3) P and S wave velocity and dynamic & static modul of sand rock in Huanhua Basin are the first time measured using "MTS Rock physical parameter testing systemunder formation condition" of "state key laboratory of oil and gas reservoir geology and exploitation". At the same time, relationship between seismic response and oil & gas is discussed and summarized. Research shows: change of temperature & pressure of sand rock results in prominent change of seismic P and S wave velocity and dynamic & static modul and seismic attenuation of sand rock. Change of pore liquid character and saturation results in change of seismic P and S wave velocity and attenuation of sand rock. Experimental relationships between geophysical character parameter and pressure - temperature -. porosity -. depth are built.(4)Research shows that "bright spot" is seismic response character of shallow oil & gas sandstone Huanhua Basin.(5)When hydrocarbon compound is coved by thick shale , hundreds meters low velocity gas incursion diffuse band is seen clearly above sandstone in Huanhua sag . Sometimes bulk and range of incursion diffuse band is large than hydrocarbon compound accumulate body. Its seismic response must be recorded. It is likely to recognized oil & gas sandstone using seismic method.(6)Finally, colligati更多还原