【作者】 刘高；

【导师】 聂德新；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地质工程， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 复杂条件下地下硐室及其围岩的稳定性历来受到关注，尤其是高地应力区、较为破碎的围岩，在高强度采动作用下的地下巷道，如金川矿区，巷道变形破坏非常严重且持续时间长，巷道挖掘、支护和维护难度大。由于这类围岩显示出显著的流变性，以前的研究者多基于岩石流变观点，用连续介质流变理论来研究围岩的流变性及巷道变形破坏的时间相关性；而对其岩体结构，则认为是确定的和固定不变的。工程实践表明，这些研究尚未能揭示围岩变形破坏本质，基于这些研究而采取的支护措施，效果不甚理想。 本文主要针对金川地下巷道，根据大量的现场调研以及丰富的试验、测试和监测资料，同时查阅并参考了国内较多类似地下工程的资料，发现这类高应力区较破碎的坚硬或较坚硬围岩的流变性及其它相关特征，不是由岩石变形引起，而是由结构面的时间相关性变形所致。据此，提出围岩结构性流变的观点。结构性流变(structural rheology)是指在高应力区完整性差的坚硬或较坚硬岩体内，由于工程开挖，结构面依应力状态而发生一系列复杂的时间相关性力学行为和力学响应，使工程岩体表现出显著流变的现象或过程，文中，利用多种实测资料，从围岩应力、围岩位移、围岩压力和巷道变形破坏的时间和空间分布特征以及弹性波速度的变化特征，论证了围岩动态过程中，结构面随时间而发生变化，导致围岩产生强烈的流变和其它相关特征。并用这些资料，讨论了围岩的结构性流变的动态特征、机制和模式，也给出了结构性流变的理论解析解和数值计算结果。基于围岩结构性流变的认识，在金川二矿区1198分段，选择了变形破坏严重、支护难度较大的巷道作为试验巷道(50m)，以进一步研究高应力区结构流变围岩及其工程对策。试验巷道的成功，证明本文对围岩结构性流变及其本质的认识是正确的，也说明基于围岩动态本质及结构性流变观点，找到彻底解决金川(型)地下巷道支护难题的工程措施是可能的。 结构性流变观点从动态上和本质上认识岩体及其变形破坏，突破了关于岩体结构及其特征的静态认识，研究结果也可为同类型复杂条件下的地下工程研究及支护所借鉴和参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been greatly concerned to study the stability of underground caverns and theirs surrounding rocks under complex conditions. In highly stressed jointed rockmasses, because of strong effects of excavation and mining, galleries deformed and damaged very seriously and chronically. It is difficult to excavate, support, mine and maintain. This is the just problem feazed Jinchuan Nickel Mine all the while. Surrounding rocks mentioned as above have remarkable rheological property, but previous researchers consider that the rheology of rockmass resulted from rocks and that structure of rockmass is determinate and static and does not change in spite of any condition under which rockmass exists, so their researches had carried out by rheology theory of continua. Engineering practices show that these studies do not reveal the key of deformation and failure of surrounding rocks with above-mentioned properties and those supports adopted on the basis of their research results cannot be take effects.Take Jinchuan Nickel Mine as an example, on the basis of detail site investigation and lots of data tested, measured and monitored in laboratory and on site, referred also measured data of some other similar underground works domestic and oversea, it is found that rheology and other characteristics of jointed and firm surrounding rocks in high stress area resulted from not rocks but discontinuities. It is complicated time-dependent deformation of discontinuities that results in rheology of rockmass. Based on calculation and analysis by these data, the knowledge of structural rheology is put forward. Structural rheology is defined as the phenomena or process in which surrounding rocks put up rheology due to the complex time-dependent behaviors and response of discontinuities in the course of stress redistribution by excavation of firmly or semi-firmly jointed rockmass in high stress area. By spatial and temporal characteristics of secondary stress in surrounding rocks, displacements of surrounding rocks, ground pressures, deformation and failure of roadway and elastic wave velocity, the strong rheology and other correlate properties during structural rheology of surrounding rocks are discussed. The mechanism and its characteristics and pattern of structural rheology are also discussed. The analytical results and the numerical results about dynamical variation of surrounding rocks are given respectively from the viewpoint of structural rheology. Based on the knowledge and results gained from detail researches, select some a roadway as trial area to study further and validate the structural rheology and to search the sound countermeasure. The trial roadway, 50 m long, is portended that very large deformation and serious damage will happen, so its stability is very poor and its support very difficult. Success of support for the trial roadway shows that the knowledge of structural rheology is right, and also shows that the way to thoroughly solve the difficult problem of deformation and damage of roadway can be found on the basis of structuraltheology of surrounding rocks.From the viewpoint of structural rheology, rockmass and its characteristics are dynamically and constitutionally understood and studied, which modifies the classic knowledge completely. The research results obtained by the author of this dissertation can be used and referred for other similar underground works under complicated conditions.更多还原