【作者】 周路；

【导师】 彭大钧； 陈永武； 贾承造；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 目前，油藏描述技术主要应用在油藏评价和油田开发两个阶段，很少用于油藏勘探早期阶段(即预探阶段)。但随着油气勘探难度的加大与勘探风险的增加，以及国内外众多油气田勘探成功与失败的经验教训表明，在新区油气予探阶段就开展早期油藏描述工作已变得十分必要，它不仅可降低勘探风险，提高勘探成功率和勘探效益，而更重要的是可使我们在油气勘探初期少走弯路。因此，本文系统地阐述了早期油藏描述的定义、意义和任务，建立了早期油藏描述较完整的研究思路和研究方法，并通过对吐哈盆地哈密坳陷四道沟构造低产油气藏的早期油藏描述具体研究工作，摸索和总结出一套如何将早期油藏描述技术应用于油气藏预探阶段的研究方法。在哈密坳陷四道沟构造早期油藏描述研究中，以大量的岩心、测试、地质、地震、测井资料和前人研究成果为基础，运用石油地质学、储层沉积学、地震地层学、地震岩性学、储层预测和平衡地质剖面技术，结合四道沟油气藏的基本特点，对四道沟构造低产油气藏的沉积、储层、油气成藏、构造特征进行了较为详细地综合研究，对四道沟油气藏低产原因进行了深入分析和较合理地解释，并采用了地震地质层位标定、合成地震纪录、合成声波测井、振幅识别、相位分析、AVO、构造特征解析、古构造与裂缝发育分析等储层预测技术，对研究区较有利的圈闭和储层发育区进行了预测。论文的主要研究内容和关键成果如下： ①分析和总结了国内外大量油气勘探的典型实例，首次提出并阐述了“早期油藏描述”的概念及研究任务，指出了早期油藏描述方法在油气勘探早期(预探阶段)中的意义和重要性，建立了较系统和实用的用于早期油藏描述的研究思路和技术方法，并首次将油气藏早期技术经济评价和油气层损害评价引入了油藏描述特别是早期油藏描述工作之中．这是对油藏描述技术和应用领域的完善与补充。 ②通过对四道沟油气藏油气源和油气运移与聚集研究，首次提出四道沟构造存在两期油气运移与聚集，指出了油气生成与运移时期和主运移方向，以及各期油气对四道沟现今油气藏的贡献大小。 ③首次将平衡剖面技术引入了四道沟构造早期油藏描述的构造研究之中，并首次提出四道沟构造是—至少由两个阶梯状断层组成的后倾双重构造叠加的断层转折褶皱，构造应力方向应大致源于北东方向。构造活动期在侏罗纪—白垩纪，第三纪初期构造活动基本停止。 ④通过地震地层学分析和储层横向预测研究，首次提出四道沟地区侏罗系八道湾组早期低水位时期沉积了由北向南的冲积扇—扇三角洲—湖泊沉积体系。 ⑤通过取心段地层岩性与声波测井速度分析，首次发现郝家沟组储层段岩芯孔隙度与声波时差(声波速度)存在反常变化规律，并对这种现象进行了较合理的地质解释；提出了储层预测中应注意的问题，首次提出在本区按常规方法利用声波时差换算孔隙度存在陷阱。 ⑥对四道沟油气藏低产原因做出了有别于前人而相对合理的解释，即三堡生油凹陷油气生成及运移与四道沟构造圈闭形成时期比较匹配，四道沟构造是在边形成边聚集油气；而早期油气藏被破坏，后期油气源供给不足以及储层物性差、有效裂缝不发育，钻井与完井过程对油气层的污染和损害才是四道沟油气藏哈2、哈3井储层低产的主要原因。这是对前人观点的重要改进和补充，也对整个勒陷袖气勘探具有十分重要的意义。 ③首次提出了四道沟油气藏在钻井和完井过程中油气层可能受到了一定程度的污染和损害，这也是完井后储层改造效果不佳的主要原因。 ③提出了四道沟地区下一步油气藏勘探方向应围绕三堡生油凹陷，寻找三叠系与株罗系不整合面附近的地层圈闭，印支期和早燕山期的上三叠统构造圈闭、古构造及裂缝圈闭和地层圈闭，且其上覆株罗系剥蚀程度要相对较低的新观点和新思路。 ＠综合地质、地震、测井信息并借助储层预测新技术，新发现了哈3井西北仲积扇地层岩性圈闭和哈3井西南古构造及裂缝发育带，综合评价认为它们是目前最有利的钻探目标，并提供了两口钻探建议井位。这些认识对进一步明确勘探目标和拓宽哈密助陷找油气领域有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reservoir description study mainly aimed at the evaluation and the oilfield development stages, and very less focused on the early exploration of reservoirs. But with the increase in the hardness of petroleum exploration ,the experience and lesson in the petroleum exploration history over the world ask to develop early reservoir description in the preparatory reconnaissance stage. It can reduce the risk of exploration and improve the exploration benefit significantly. Therefore by explaining the definition, significance and task of early reservoir description, this paper proposed a systematic thought and method about early reservoir description, and applied in the Sidaogou structure of the Hami Depression. This paper also summarized a way how to do the early reservoir description in the preparatory reconnaissance stage. In the paper author provided a detailed study of sedimentary facies, reservoir, the forming conditions of hydrocarbon pool, structure feature and reservoir prediction about the Sidaogou structure, and point out the primary reason for producing a little oil and gas in the Sidaogou structure ,and gave the main direction for the future petroleum exploration in the Hami Depression. Integrating petroleum geology, reservoir sedimentology, seismic stratigraphy and geophysical exploration method, using the early reservoir description and the reservoir prediction technique, carried through the research.Main researching aspects and achievements of mis paper are described below:(1)This paper summarized and analyzed a lot of petroleum exploration case history in the world , and brought forward a thought of early reservoir description, and demonstrated the concept, task and significance of early reservoir description for the first time, and established a systematic and applied technique and method to develop early reservoir description. The early economic evaluation and oil/gas reservoir damage evaluation are introduced in early petroleum exploration stage in the paper. It is a complementary and perfect on the reservoir description.(2)Analysis for the forming conditions of hydrocarbon pool, structure and reservoir features shows that the Sidaogou structure had two period of migration and accumulation of oil and gas .The first period of migration and accumulation came from the hydrocarbon formed in the source rock of the Sanpu depression and formed the asphalt in the sandstone reservoir of Triassic and Jurassic in the well Ha-2.The second period came from the hydrocarbon formed in the source rock of Triassic round about the well Ha-2 and Ha-3 and formed the hydrocarbon pool in the Sidaogou. The oil-gas in the Sanpu depression had migrated and accumulated on a large scale before the rocks of Ac the Xisanyao Formation of Middle Jurassic was deposited. The direction of migration was in east and northeast.(3)This paper introduced the balanced section into the early reservoir description in the Sidaogou structure for the first time, and gave a new viewpoint that the Sidaogou structure was a fault-bend fold formed by two step thrust fault. The structural stress direction came from the northeast of the Hami Depression. The structural active period was between Jurassic with cretaceous, and stopped in the early Paleogene.(4)This paper shows that the urassic Badaowan Formation in North part of the Hami Depression possesses a depositumal system of fan and fan delta and shallow lake fades with the analysis of seismic stratigraphy.(5)Discovered a abnormal law that the sonic velocity was enlarged with increasing of die core porosity in the sandstone reservoir of the Haojiagou Formation in Triassic, and gave a geologic interpretation about the phenomenon. It was helpful to convert the sonic velocity into die porosity correctly in reservoir.(6)Gave a primary reason for producing a little oil and gas in the well Ha-2 and Ha-3 of the Sidaogou structure. The point of view was an significant improvement to the former view.(7)Provided a standpoint that oil and gas formation of the Sidaogou reservoir更多还原