【作者】 赵匠；

【导师】 高玮；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 生态学， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 2000～2001年在内蒙古图牧吉自然保护区对大鸨东方亚种(Otis tarda dybowskii)的繁殖期各种行为活动规律，尤其是求偶炫耀行为和繁殖生物学进行了研究，主要结果如下： 1、调查发现，在研究地区内大鸨繁殖季节的密度为0.10只/km~2，与1992年相比有明显减少。雄性和雌性的性比为0.88：1。在繁殖季节(4～7月)，大鸨的种群数量有明显差异，4、5月份大鸨数量较多，6、7月份数量明显减少。 2、在国内首次尝试利用直接观察法对野生大鸨的各种行为进行定量化研究。大鸨繁殖期的各种行为时间预算存在着性别间的差别，同时随着繁殖阶段的不同而变化。大鸨在取食、求偶炫耀等行为都存在着明显的日节律，并有明显的性别差异。 3、大鸨没有强烈的占区和领域防御行为，雄鸨在求偶炫耀时有一定的领域范围，追啄入侵领域的其它同性个体。领域面积为943±419m~2(n=6)。雄鸨在求偶场有集群求偶炫耀行为。雄鸨之间具有等级性。求偶场面积为3.89km~2和5.41km~2。 4、在国内首次较全面地对大鸨的求偶炫耀行为进行研究，并将其炫耀方式分为招引型炫耀和正演型炫耀。交配期的集群炫耀以下演型炫耀为主；交配期以后至炫耀期结束则以招引型炫耀为主。雌鸨具有主动选择配偶的行为。婚配制度为较典型的雄性优势型一雄多雌制。 5、大鸨的繁殖期持续时间较长，从每年的4月初开始到7月中旬结束，每年繁殖一次，但第一巢破坏后，有二次建巢补卵的可能。坐巢方向随太阳改变。大鸨筑巢简单。窝卵数为2～5枚，平均窝卵数为2．52士0．98枚（n二53）。多 卵期间雌鸨有翻百。移卵的行为。雌鸨在繁殖期的不同阶段中，以筑巢期巢区最大（14970士569m‘），9 卵后期的巢区最刁（5609士318m‘）。 6、大鸨巢址选择严格，多选择在岗坡的中部以上、坡度较缓的草原上营巢。坡向多选择在朝南的阳坡。大鸨巢址选择的影响因于主要为植物高度和植被密度。巢损失率为 76．19％。 7、大鸨的雏鸟为早成鸟，出生时体重为 86．31士 3．569。雌雄鸨雏鸟的生长发育之间有明显差异，雄雏鸨生长速度快于雌雏鸨的生长速度。更多还原

【Abstract】 We studied the activity rules, especially the courtship display behavior and breeding biology of Orient subspecies Great Bustard (Otis tarda) during its breeding season in Tu-mu-ji nature protective area of Inner Mongolia between 2000 and 2001, the main results are as following:1. By investigating, we found that the density of Great Bustard is 0.10 individual/km2 during its breeding season in the region,and the density decreased significantly compared with the density in 1992.The sex ratio of male and female is 0.88:1. The population quantity of Great Bustard fluctuates signifucantly during the breeding season, there are more Great Bustard during the period April and May than June and July.2.We adopted the method, direct observation to study wild Great Bustard rationly for the first in China. The behavior time budget of Great Bustard is different between male and female during the breeding season, at the same, it changes following the breeding stages. The feeding and courtship display behavior show obvious day rhythm, and exist diferent between male and female.The Great Bustard hasn’t strong behavior of occupying territory and defending territory, the male has territory when displaying in some degree,to drive the same sex individual when it enters its territory. The territory area of Great Bustard is 943 + 419m2(n=6). Male Great Bustard has the behavior to gather to display in the displaying fields. There exists grade between males. The display fields areas are about 3.89km2 and 5.41km2.4. I studied the courtship behavior of Great Bustard roundly for therfirst time, and I divided the courtship into two types: attracting courtship display and acting courtship display. The courtship display mainly is acting courtship display during the mating period; the courtship display mainly is attracting courtship display during the period that after mating to the end of display period. Female has the behavior to select mate voluntary. The wedding system is typical male dominance polygyny.5.The Great Bustard has abundant time to breed, its breeding season last from first April to the middle ten days of July, once a year, but it maybe build nest to lay again when the first nest was destroied. Great Bustard bends over in nest with fixed orientation during the hatching period. The nest of Great Bustard is simpleness. Clutch size varys between 2 and 5, average clutch size is 2.52?.98(n=53). The female Great Bustard has the behavior to turn over eggs and move eggs during the hatching pereiod. The home range of female is biggest (14970 +569m2 ?during the building nest period and that is the smallest(5609?18m2 during upper-hatching period.6.The nest-site selection of Great Bustard is strict, it mainly selects the grassland with small hill which with gradient slow and nest above the middle parts of hill. Slope orientation that it select is mostly towards the south and the sun. The factors that in fluences the nest-site selection of Great Bustard mainly are the hight and density of vegetation. The abandoning eggs rate is 76.19%.7. The nestling of Great Bustard is precocity bird.the body weight is 86.31+3.56g when nestlings were hatched.There exists obvious difference between the growth of male and female,the growth speed of male nestlings exceed female nestlings Great Bustard.更多还原