【作者】 李秋实；

【导师】 吴汉宁；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2002， 博士

【摘要】 针对陕北浅层低渗透地方性油田油层浅、单井投资小、资源归属多样引起的无序开发、开采措施不统一、资源浪费、环境污染、资料共享性差等问题，参考长庆油田公司管理经验，解剖两个典型地方性油田—延长油矿管理局川口油田和延安市南泥湾油田，结果发现：陕北浅层低渗透油藏管理面临的主要问题是储量管理、开发措施管理、环境管理和数字信息管理四个方面的内容： 1．在储量管理方面，以南泥湾油田为例，分析认为：①探明储量是陕北浅层低渗油藏管理的重点，容积法是其中最有效的计算方法：②常规工业油流标准在低渗透油田储量计算中存在着较大的误差，研究发现造成此误差的原因有两点：a．旧的储量规范在确定陕北浅层低渗透油藏工业油流标准时与其它方法相比，误差较大，不宜用此标准来计算陕北经压裂改造后低渗透的油藏：b．虽然低渗透油井单井递减类型多种多样，但按井数加权后单井开发仍遵照双曲线递减。并以此为基础，提出了一种不同于常规工业油流标准的计算方法；⑧在新工业油流标准基础上，以单井初月产油达到工业油流标准为基准，适当外推一个井距圈定出含油面积：④在确定有效厚度的四性关系中，以压裂达到工业油流标准为基础，首先应用数理统计法、清水浸入法、压裂试油法、压汞法、对比法等多种方法相互印证、互相对比，确定出长6²、长6¹、长4+5各层的有效厚度的物性下限为油浸及其以上，细砂岩，长6²的有效孔隙度≥7．5％、渗透率≥0．17×10^-3um²、含水饱和度≤47％；长6¹的有效孔隙度≥8％、渗透率≥0．16×1O^-3um²、含水饱和度≤44％：长4+5有效孔隙度≥8．3％、渗透率≥0．17×10^-3um²、含水饱和度≤50％ ；然后运用岩电试验、声波时差—电阻率关系及含水饱和度—电阻率关系图，建立该区长6²、长6¹、长4+5的电性解释图版，并提出了该区油层组的电性标准：长6²的声波时差介于220～248 us／m之间，4m视电阻率≥50Ω·m；长6¹的声波时差介于220～250us／m之间，4m视电阻率≥50Ω·m；长4+5声波时差介于222～250us／m之间．4m视电阻率≥50Ω·m。最后应用面积权衡法确定有效厚度；⑤运用岩芯分析、威利公式、经验统计公式及深度预测公式四种方法，确定该区孔隙度及其模拟公式，应用体积权衡法确定孔隙度；⑥运用阿尔奇公式、改进的阿尔奇公式、毛管压力法及相渗透率曲线，对比邻近姚店油田河121油基取芯，确定出南泥湾油田含油饱和度的一计算公式。2 开发措施管理方面，指出井网密度和压裂是研究重点，给出相应措施，指出1引卜2引)米是比较经济的井距。3 在环境管理方面，指出“钻井废水”、“采出水”和“伴生气”是环境污染的主要来源并给出相应的解诀办法：①对于“钻井废水”和“采出水”，主要采取源头控制和生化处理，达标后排放、或用作锅炉用水和回注：②对于伴生气，因为原油从基质向裂缝后向井筒渗流过程中，经历了弹性驱和溶气驱两个阶段，伴生气的采收率比原油高得多n所选南7（）、南47、白22井伴生气采收率都在70％以上，平均值高达刀．84％ （原油的采收率为9．3％左右）：③按照油层有效厚度和渗透率的大小及原油生产能力，将川口油田分为4类地质模型。运用VIP三维三相黑油模型软件，模拟预测该区4类模型在各种开采方式下的平均单井产气量。结果显示，投产后8—12年内，可得到不低于ZX10’m’／a的稳定气源。最后从能耗、环境、经济的角度论证，得出城市煤气输配方案为最优选择。4 对于数字信息管理，以UML建模语言，给出了适合陕北特点的数字管理流程，在Geomedia平台上，实现简单的储量数据、开发措施数据、环境保护数据综合查询和分析，以实现油藏管理的智能化、现代化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Focused on the characters and problems of Shanbei Area (north of Shannxi Province) oil reservoir, which are low permeability, low investment, too many oil companies sharing this area to implore it orderly, environmental pollution and resources wasting as well as poor information exchanging, and also refered to the management of Changqin Oil Company, through studying the two typical oil companies ?Yanchang Oil Company and Nanniwan Oil Company ~ on their reservoir management, the author drew out a conclusion that the major problems which the oil companies of Shanbei Area are facing lay on four aspects, they are reservoir management, exploiting-ways management, environmental management and information management as well.1 . As for the reservoir management, exampled by Nanniwan Oil Company, the conclusions the author drew are: ㏕he major point of the reservoir management of Shanbei Area is proved reservoir, and cubage method is the most efficient way for it’s calculating; (2) The normal methods for calculating the standards of industrial oil flow has a lot of errors because of two reasons: a. Compares to our calculating methods for calculating the standards of industrial oil flow, the normal methods that Shanbei Area used has much more errors, b. Although the degression of single well of low penetrability oil fields differs from one well to another, after weighting, the degression of single well goes still according to regulations of double curves. Based on all these above, the author deduced a new calculating method. (3) According to the new calculating method, the author took the oil production of the first month which reach the industrial oil flow standard as the bench mark, appropriately preached a well distance to ascertain oil-baring area; ?Using symbolic statistic methods, clean water immerging methods, fracture treatment oil testing methods, hydrargyrum pressing methods and contrast methods, etc, the author defined the physical lower limits of the effective thickness of Layer Chang 62, Layer Chang 61 and Layer Chang 4+5: The effective porosity of Layer Chang 6" is more than 7.5%, the permeability of it is more that 0.17X 10’3um2, and its water saturation is less than 47%; The effective porosity of Layer Chang 61 is more than 8%, the permeability of it is more that 0.16X 10~3um2, and its water saturation is less than 44%; The effective porosity of Layer Chang 4+5 is more than 8.3%, the permeability of it is more than 0.17X l()"3um2, and its water saturation is less than 50%; (5) Using core analysis, Welly formula, experience statistic formula as well as depth forecast formula, the author ascertained the porosity and its simulate formula of the oil layer of Shanbei Area?Using Alcher formula, capillary pressure, as well as permeability curves, and also comparing with the oil-base coring of nearby Yaodian Oil Field, the author ascertained the calculating formula of oil saturation of Nanniwan Oil Field.2. On the aspect of exploiting- ways management, exampled by Chuankou Oil Company and Nanniwan Oil Company, the author fingered out that well net density and fracture treatment are the two major points, and gave associated methods to defined that 150-250m is the relatively reasonable well net distance.3. On the aspect of environmental management, exampled by Chuankou Oil Company, the author fingered out that polluted water and associated gas are the major source of environmental pollution, and also gave proper ways to delete them: ?Pollution water could be used as recycling water or water re-injection or discharged after bio-chemical treatment; @ As for the associated gas, because on the process of oil from rock to well, it experiences elastic driving and associated gas driving two periods, the recover}’ efficiency of associated gas is much higher than that of oil. Predecessors considered that the recovery efficiency of oil of such kind of oil field is about ’9.3%, but in fact, the recovery efficiencies of Well Nan-70, Nan-47, Bai-22 are all above 70%, the average is as high as 73.84%; (3) Accord更多还原