【作者】 喻长智；

【导师】 古德生；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 2001， 博士

【摘要】 本文首次应用混沌理论研究了爆破载荷作用下岩石强度、破碎块度、破碎过程的混沌特征，提出了爆破系统是一种典型的混沌系统的学术观点。结合损伤力学研究了爆破破碎面与岩石初始损伤的关系，首次提出了爆破吸引面、破碎吸引因子的概念；结合分形理论，讨论了爆破吸引面分形维数与破碎块度分形维数之间的关系；使岩石在爆破作用下的本构关系研究转化为破碎吸引面的本构关系研究。得出了破碎吸引因子与岩石强度和初始损伤的关系式，并从理论上建立了岩石爆破破碎吸引面动态本构方程。 根据条形药包爆破应力波分布特征及衰减规律，提出了可将条形药包爆破柱部应力波当作柱面波、端部应力波当作球面波处理的研究方法：建立了理想的完全弹性介质中球药包和条形药包爆破径向应力衰减方程。在此基础上，根据本文建立的爆破吸引面本构方程和球药包应力公式，建立了理想的条形药包爆破径向应力衰减方程。随后对理想方程进行了修正，建立了条形药包爆破径向应力理论衰减方程。并利用已有试验结果对所获得的径向应力衰减方程进行了验证。 根据建立的条形药包爆破径向应力衰减方程，得出了浅孔爆破堵塞长度和条形硐室药包爆破药室间距理论计算公式；按推导的计算式设计了珠海西区机场路垭口条形药包爆破和高峰矿业有限责任公司地下采场浅孔爆破。随后对获得的应力波衰减方程在冲击波作用范围的适应性进行了验证。对照国内外研究成果，本文主要取得了如下创新性成果： a)将混沌理论引入本构方程的研究工作中，分析了爆破过程中混沌力学特征，提出了爆破系统是一种典型的混沌系统的学术观点；提出了破碎吸引面的概念，使爆破作用下的岩石本构方程的研究过渡到破碎吸引面本构方程的研究。 b)对爆破破碎过程的方向性，破碎块度分布的貌似随机性，岩石破坏强度的变化给出了合理的学术解释。 c)在破碎吸引面的基础上，分析了破碎吸引面与损伤的关系，进一步提出了破碎吸引因子或破碎吸引子的新概念，而后根据连续介质力学的唯象法，建立了岩石爆破作用下破碎吸引面动态本构方程。进一步发展和完善了爆破分形损伤理论模型。 d)提出了将条形药包柱部应力波当作柱面波、端部应力波当作球面波处理的应力波研究方法。获得了完全弹性介质条件下，球药包和条形药包径向应力衰减方程和矿岩介质条件下条形药包径向和端部轴向应力衰减方程。 e)在对应力衰减方程验证的基础上，应用该方程获得了炮孔药包堵塞长度和条形硐室药包药室间距计算公式。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper analyzes the CHAOS characteristics of the rock stress ^ fragment dimension crashing process under the explosive blasting by the chaos theory for the first time, puts forward academic point of view that blasting system is a typical Chaos system, adding up to damage mechanics, reduces the connection between blasting fragment face and original damages of rock. Then, the concepts of blasting attracted face and the blasting attracted factor have been put forward. Linked the fractal theory, the fractal dimension connection of blasting attracted face and fragment dimension has been elicited. The research about the principle formula of rock under the explosive has been become the research of principle formula in crashing attracted face. The formula has been reduced between the original damages and the crashing attracted factor, rock stress, and then, the paper give the rock theoretical dynamic principle formula in rock cashing attracted face. It make the principle formula become simpler and more practical.By the attenuation regulation and distributing character of stress wave under the linear charge blasting, the paper bring forward the idea that the columniation stress wave can be regarded as cylinder stress wave, the end stress wave as spherical wave. The perfect stress attenuation formula in radical direction is established in complete elastic medium. On the foundation, the perfect stress attenuation formula in linear charge blasting has been reduced by the principle formula of blasting attracted face of the paper and the stress attenuation formula of spherical charge. After this, according to the difference between practice and perfect condition, the paper establish the stress attenuation formula on the radical direction under linear charge blasting. It also has been validated by the test result.On the basis of reduced stress attenuation formula, the paper elicit theoretical calculation expressions of jam lengths in hole blasting and space between charges in linear charge blasting. Linear charge blasting at the net of highway to Zhuhai aerodrome and the hole blasting at underground stope in Gaofen mining company have been design by the expressions. And then the paper validates the suitableness of the stress attenuation in the area of shock wave. Compared the research achievements with in-country and overseas, this paper bring forward some innovative result as follows:a). Brings forward the chaos theory into the research work of the principal equations. Analyzes the chaos mechanics characteristics in blasting. Puts forward academic point of view that blasting system is a typical Chaos system. Puts forward new concept of crash attracted face. It makes the research of rock principal equations change to the research of crash attracted face principal equations.b). Put forward suitable academic explanation for the direction of blasting process and false random of fragment distribution.c). On the basis of crash attracted face, analyzes the relationship between crash attracted face and damage, and then puts forward the crash attracted factor. According to phenomena method of continuum medium mechanics, puts the crash attracted face principal equation. Develops the blasting damage theoretical model and make it more perfectible.d). Puts forward stress wave research method when the linear charge blasting. It regarded column stress wave as cylinder stress wave, end stress wave as spherical wave. Acquires radial stress attenuating formula of the spherical charge and cylindrical charge in completely elastic medium and the radial and axis stress attenuating formula of linear charge in the rock.e). On the basis of validation of stress attenuating formula, the calculation formulas of hole jam length and space between chambers of linear room chamber have been achieved.更多还原