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国家级农技推广项目投资强度与适宜规模研究

Investment Intensity and Its Suitable Scales of The National Agri-Tech Extension Project

【作者】 赵芝俊

【导师】 朱希刚;

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 , 农业经济及管理, 2001, 博士

【摘要】 本项研究的目的是探讨我国在由计划经济向社会主义市场经济过渡的过程中国家级农业技术推广项目投资强度依据和农技推广适宜规模问题。研究表明,以项目方式进行的农业技术推广活动在我国过去、现在和未来的农技推广工作中扮演着不可替代的作用,尤其是随着我国即将加入WTO及农业发展新阶段的到来,加大国家级农技推广项目的投入,力求在短时间内提高我国农业的国际竞争力并实现我国农业的可持续发展是我国农业目前面临的现实而紧迫的问题。然而随着国家级农技推广项目投入的不断增加,其管理工作的科学性和重要性被提到了议事日程,即如何科学合理地使用好有限的农技推广资源,充分发挥其应有的效益是国家农技推广管理部门急需要解决的问题,也是本研究的基本出发点。 本研究以我国经济体制转型和农村、农业和农民的基本现状为背景,力求通过对新时期我国农技推广活动的组织、农技推广机构的现状、农技推广方法的变化、农民采用新技术的特点和规律等的把握,并结合大量的实地考察和调研,研究提出现阶段我国国家级农技推广项目投资强度的基本影响因素、计算模型和参考标准,为我国农技推广理论及其管理工作作出贡献。 本研究根据研究问题的过程和逻辑顺序,由七章内容组成。主要包括绪论、加强国家级农技推广项目投资和管理的必要性、国家级农技推广项目投资需求构成及影响因素确定、国家级农技推广项目投资强度各影响因素的分析与确定、国家级农技推广适宜规模的分析与确定、国家级农技推广项目投资强度的计算模型和、关参数确定和最后匡算结果、研究结论和政策建议。 论文第一章着重就选题的背景、目的意义、国内外的研究现状、研究的理论基础、研究的特点与创新之处、相关的假设条件和几个重要的概念等方面做了交代和阐述。 在论文的第二章,作者主要针对加强国家级农技推广项目投资和管理的必要性、紧迫性,以及国家级农技推广项目在解决我国加入WTO、农业发展新阶段和农业实现可持续发展所面临的问题上的不可替代作用进行了系统的论述。研究认为,加强国家级农技推广项目投入和管理是现阶段全面而迅速提高我国农业的国际竞争力,实现农业健康稳定和可持续发展的重要措施和保证。 在第三章中,作者从国家级农技推广项目及其投资强度的内涵界定出发,首先理清了国家级农技推广项目及其投资的特点,明确了国家级农枝推广项目投资不是农户采用技术时生产性投入费用,也不是项目执行单位为维持其日常运转所需要的诸如职LL资、住房、基本服务设施和福利及医疗等方面的费用支出,它是国家为椎广某一具体枝术而对项目实施单位在现有条件下完成某一农技推广项目所需费用不足部分的补助。而国家级农技推广项目投资强度则是指体现在一定推广规模上的农技推广费用需求量。其单位可以用(万)元/(万亩)亩,或(万)元/头(或只)等表示。关于国家级农技推广 寸项目投资需求的构成内容,本研究通过分析目前我国农枝推广体制特点、农技椎广单位和衣民等的区域差异,枝术推广和来用的难易程度、以及由于物价和费用内容变化而导致的不可预见费用的发生等因素对农技推广费用需求大小的影响,认为我国国家级农技推广项目投资需求构成包括四个方面,即组织管理与协调费用支出、直接推广费用支出、补贴费支出和不可预见费。研究并对影响上述费用支出大小的各种因素进行了梳理,这些困素包括如枝术差异、区域差异、椎广程序与方式方法差异、项目执行期限、以及各种具体费用支出的标准,如推广人员的下乡补助标准、示范户的补助标准等。另外,根据农枝传播与扩散的一般规律,提出了农枝推广项目的适宜推广规模概念,并对农技推广项目适宜规模影响因素进行了简单分析。在上述有关理论分析的基础上,最后给出了我国国家级农枝推广项目投资需求计算模型和投资强度计算模型。 在文章的第四章,作者以国家级农技推广项目投资强度各影响因素的分析为线索,结合我国农技推广的实际,对各影响困素进行了具体分析和判断,得出的结论包括:(1)我国国家级衣技推广项目应该采取的方法具体包括四个环节,即技术宣传、技术培训、枝术示范和技术指导与服务。这四个方面相辅相成,缺一不可,共同构成我国国家级农枝推广项目的椎广方法体系;(2)我国国家级衣技椎广项目所推广的枝术类别,根据其对推广经费需求的特点不同,可以分为物化类技术、措施类技术、服务类技术、可持续类技术和高投入、高产出高风险类技术五类;(3)在对影响不同地区农技推广机构和不同地区农民接受新技术存在差异的有关困素,如经济实力、农民文化状况、农技推广服务机构与人数、乡镇基础设施和获取信息渠道等五个方面差异,把全国31个省市自治区划分为三个类型不同的地区;(4)在对现实情况考察的基础上,把我国国家级农技推广项目的一般实施年限确定为2年。(5)国家级农技推广项目管理费标准确定为总项目经费的 8%,不可预

【Abstract】 The aim of this study is to discuss investment intensity basis of agri-tech extension project and the problem of proper scale in agri-tech extension at the interim of socialist market-oriented economy from planned economy. The study shows that agri-tech extension project plays an important role in the agri-tech extension in the past, at present and in the future. Especially with the coming of agricultural development phase in which China is going to join WTO, it is the urgent problem faced by agriculture that efforts are made to increase agri-tech extension investment at national level in order to enhance international competitive power and realize the sustainable development of agriculture in the short time. While with the increasing of agritech extension investment at national level, the importance of its administration shows out. Reasonable use of limited resources is the urgent problem faced by national administrative department of agri-tech extension and the important part of this study.The economic system transmission and the present state of agriculture and peasants are the background of the study. Efforts are made to study the organization of agri-tech extension activity, present state of agri-tech extension institution, the change of agri-tech extension methods and rules of new techniques used by peasants. Combining with lots of spot investigation and research, the study puts forward the basic affecting factor and references standard in agri-tech extension investment at national level. The dissertation is composed of five parts, which are introduction, theory analysis, main study, model and calculation of related coefficient, results and policy suggestions.In introduction, the necessity of enhancing agri-tech extension investment and administration at national level and the importance of agri-tech extension investment project in resolving the problems during the new agricultural stage are systemically discussed. The study indicates that enhancing agri-tech extension investment and management at national level is the important measure and insurance to increase international competitive power of Chinese agriculture and realize sustainable development of agriculture.In the part of theory analysis, starting from defining the connotation of agri-tech extension project and investment intensity at national level, author firstly understands the characteristics of agri-tech extension project and investment at national level. Those shows that agri-tech109Abstractextension project investment at national level is not productive cost that peasants adopt technology or expenditure, such as employee wages of project executing department, but the subsidy that country provides in order to extend some concrete technology. While agri-tech extension project investment intensity at national level means that the demand of agri-tech extension expenditure at certain scale. Its unit is marked by (ten thousand) yuan per (ten thousand) unit or (ten thousand)yuan per capital. Then analyze the characteristics of agri-tech extension system, region difference of agri-tech extension department and peasants, hard or easy extent of agri-tech extension and the effect of unpredictable expense caused by variation of price and expense on the demand of agri-tech extension expenditure. The result shows that the investment demand of the national agri-tech extension project consists of 4 parts, that is costs of administration, extension activity expenditure, subsidies and unforeseen costs. The factors affecting expenditure are technological difference, region difference, the difference in extension procedure and pattern, the executive period and all kinds of concrete expense standard such as the standard of extension personnel抯 subsidy and demonstration peasants?subsidy. In addition, on the basis of general rules of agri-tech extension, the suitable definition of proper agri-tech extension scale is put forward and the factors affecting it are simply analyzed. Based on theory analysis, agri-tech extension

  • 【分类号】F832.48
  • 【被引频次】6
  • 【下载频次】406
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